夏季南极普里兹湾碳的生物地球化学循环Ⅰ:DOC的含量与分布

本文通过南极第15次科学考察,对夏季普里兹湾的溶解有机碳(DOC)进行研究.结果表明:调查期间普里兹湾及邻近海域DOC平均含量较高,表层含量在68.23-125.92μM之间变化,平均值为102.32μM,大于典型的大洋表层DOC含量(70-80μM).垂直分布表明水体上层DOC含量高于底层,在25-50m附近含量出现最高值.在普里兹湾及邻近海域难降解有机物是DOC的主要部分,经估算湾内难降解DOC含量92.34μM占总DOC的77%,湾外难降解DOC含量为76.89μM,占总DOC的82%.     

Effect of high iron concentration enrichment on the phytoplankton in the Prydz Bay

1　IntroductionForthepast 1 5years,muchattentionofoceanographershasbeenfocusedontheroleofironinlimiting phytoplankton productivityinthehigh nutrient ,low chlorophyll(HNLC)regions.OnboardshipironenrichmentincubationshavebeencarriedoutinthethreewellknownHNLCregions :notablyequatorialPacificOcean ,subarcticPacificO ceanandSouthernOcean (seereferencesinTable 1 ) .Theinsituironenrichmentexper imentshavebeenaccomplishedintheequatorialPacific (IronEx1in 1 993 (Wells 1 994)andIronEx2in 1 996(…     

The substance composition of sterols in the sediments from the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea and global climatic significance

The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent.     

The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay,Antarctic Ⅰ :Characteristics of DOC distribution

The distributions and changes of dissolved organic carbon in the Prydz Bay and out open sea were investigated during CHINARE-15 ( the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition). The results showed that the content of DOC was higher in the Prydz Bay and outer open sea compared to those typical of surface oceanic levels ( 70-80 μM) , average content of DOC in the surface water was 102.32 μM,the range was 68.23-125.92 μM. The vertical distribution of DOC in the water column was similar to many ocean sites, that is to say, the content of upper water is higher than deep water, a subsurface maximum persisted between 25-50 m. The DOC pool in the Prydz Bay were consisted with labile, semi-labile and refractory pools, in which refractory pools was mainly part. The concentration of refractory DOC was 92.34 and 76.89 μM in Prydz Bay and outer open sea, and account 77% and 82% for total DOC, respectively.     

南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中锗的含量与分布

本文利用中国第21-27次南极考察期间获得的沉积物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中锗（Ge）的含量以及分布特征进行了初步研究。结果表明：普里兹湾表层沉积物中总Ge（Getotal）的含量在1.14×10-6~2.35×10-6之间变化,平均含量为1.71×10-6,最高值出现在湾外深海区P3-9站,最低值出现在湾内冰架边缘附近的P4-13站。在研究海域表层沉积物中生源Ge（Gebio）占Getotal的百分含量在16-68%之间变化。在表层沉积物中Gebio与Getotal分布变化趋势总体上相近,以67°S为界均呈现湾外高于湾内的趋势,在柱状沉积物中Ge的垂向分布呈现表层高于底层趋势。在普里兹湾湾内非冰间湖区域的表层沉积物中Gebio与生物硅（BSiO2）呈现一定的正相关,在P3-16站位柱状沉积物中Gebio与BSiO2垂向分布相似。     

长江、老黄河口及东海陆架沉积有机质物源指标及有机碳的沉积环境

利用2002年9月“东方红2号”调查船调查中获得的沉积物样品,定量研究了长江、老黄河口以及东海陆架沉积物中正构烷烃和无环类异戊二烯烷烃(姥鲛烷和植烷)两种天然示踪物,结果表明:(1)各采样站位样品的碳数范围为n-C14~n-C34,主要可分为陆源单峰、双峰和石油污染等3种类型。(2)长江口东南软泥区和浙江沿岸软泥区沉积物样品中高碳正构烷烃n-C27、n-C29和n-C31含量较高,奇碳优势显著,表明其来源以陆源高等植物输入占优势;相反,“东海冷涡”泥质区和黄海中南陆架区沉积物样品中的低碳正构烷烃n-C17、n-C18和n-C19含量较高,奇偶优势不明显,表明其来源主要以浮游生物和细菌为主。冲绳海槽泥质区沉积物样品中高碳与低碳正构烷烃的含量几乎相当,表明其来源为海洋低等生物和陆地高等植物共同输入,其中陆源物质是从东海陆架经底流搬运而来的。(3)有机质的堆积受控于物质供应和沉积环境两大因素。东海中陆架区沉积物中正构烷烃总量和有机碳含量为最低,这是由于台湾暖流的顶托,使黄河和长江两大物质扩散系统对该区的物质供应量减少,沉积速率低,潮流冲刷作用强,沉积物保存有机碳的能力较差;表层沉积物中正构烷烃及有机碳的最高值分别出现在浙江沿岸软泥区(E 5站)和冲绳海槽泥质区(P 4站);“东海冷涡”泥质区沉积环境最为适宜,但是陆源有机质供应则相对较少。     

南极普里兹湾海域的近现代沉积速率

沉积速率主要受上层海洋生物生产的影响,而在湾口浅滩区沉积速率则主要受底栖生物的影响。此外,水流、水体稳定度、冰封期长短和海底地形等条件也对沉积速率产生一定的利用中国第21次南极科学考察获得的普里兹湾海域的沉积物样品,运用沉积地层同位素210Pb测年技术,探讨了该海域沉积物的近现代沉积速率及其影响因素。研究结果表明,南极普里兹湾海域的近现代沉积速率变化范围在0.47～1.88 mm/a之间,平均值为1.06 mm/a,高于南极罗斯海而低于威德尔海,总体上与南、北极多个海区的沉积速率相当。在湾内和冰架边缘区影响,沉积速率的分布是多种因素共同控制的结果。在生物量较高、水体条件较为稳定的湾内中心区域,沉积速率较高,而冰架边缘区的沉积速率则较低     

南海表层沉积物中生物钡的分布特征及其与初级生产力的关系

分析了南海东部53个站位表层沉积物中生物钡、铝以及有机碳和生物硅等生源物质的分布特征。结果表明,南海东部表层沉积物中的有机碳含量在研究区的北部陆架区出现高值,而在吕宋岛以西的深海则最低;生物硅的平面分布则表现为在吕宋岛以西的深海低沉积速率区出现高值,而低值则出现在高沉积速率的北部海域;生物钡的平面分布与生物硅的分布特征相似,高值出现在吕宋岛以西的深海区,且表现出自北而南沉积物中生物钡的含量逐渐增加的趋势。研究区内初级生产力表现为从北向南增加的趋势,而沉积物中生物钡的含量也呈现相似的趋势,表明沉积物中生物钡的含量和上层水体的生产力有一定的相关性。但表层沉积物中生物钡与有机碳呈弱的负相关关系,而与生物硅显著相关,且生物钡和生物硅与水深的相关性均呈现显著的相关性。因此,在采用沉积物中生物钡含量研究南海上层水体初级生产力时应谨慎对待。     

The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic Ⅰ:Characteristics of DOC distribution

1　IntroductionAtthepresenttime ,thereiseveryindicationthattheearthbecomingwarmerandwarmer (Liuetal.1 995) ,asoneofthewarmhousegases,CO2 playanimportantroleinthechangingofthetemperatureandenvironmentoftheglobe .TheexchangingofCO2betweentheatmosphereandocean ,maketheoceanbeingthelargepoolofcarbon ,andthechangingofcarboncycleintheoceanwouldbringdistincteffectontheatmosphere .TheSouthernOceanisthewaterbodythathastheenormousenergyandexchangessub stancewithotheroceansintheglobe ,anditsecosystem …