The relationship between precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China

In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China based on the precipitation-concentration degree (PCD) and the integrated meteorological drought index. We also studied the corresponding relationship between precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China by using Spearman correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) The severity of meteorological drought/flood exhibited a spatial pattern of gradual change from Northwest to Southeast China. (2) With a higher PCD and a delayed precipitation-concentration period (PCP), the drought severity was higher but the flood severity was lower. In contrast, with a lower PCD and an early PCP, the drought severity was lower and the flood severity was higher. (3) The correlation between meteorological drought/flood and PCD was significant. The higher the PCD, the longer the duration of drought and more frequently, the droughts occurred, and vice versa. It is concluded that PCD and PCP were significantly correlated with meteorological drought/flood in China.     

所罗门群岛及周边海域M≥7.4级地震时空对称性分析

对重大自然灾害趋势判断的时空对称分析方法进行总结,利用该方法研究了所罗门群岛俯冲带强震的时空变化特征,对该区的未来强震做出趋势判断。结果表明:1强震活动与区域地质活动关系密切,历史强震均发生在俯冲带一侧。2强震活动在时间分布上具有可公度性。所罗门群岛地区在2015年发生7.4级以上地震的信号较强,蝴蝶结构图表明2015年发生M≥7.4级强震的概率为46.7%,不漏报水平43.75%。3在空间分布上,强震震中呈东西对称跃移,且具有沿板块边界运动的特点。震中跃移具有规律的经纬对称性和经纬同步性,在经度上以160°E为对称轴摆动,在纬度上以10°S为对称轴上下摆动。根据震中跃移的空间对称和最小作用量原理判断,下一次地震的震中位置在纬度上可能逼近9.5°S以北位置,在经度上可能逼近160°E以西的位置。     

1961-2009年大同市太阳辐射变化特征及与气象要素的关系

在全球气候变暖背景下,地面接收太阳辐射总量发生改变,探讨自然和人为因素对其影响成为热点。利用线性趋势分析、M-K突变检验和小波分析等方法,分析了1961-2009年大同市地面接收太阳辐射的变化特征,验证地面接收太阳辐射的突变年份和周期变化及未来变化趋势,探讨太阳辐射与相关气象要素的关系。结果表明：近49 a大同市地面接收太阳辐射年平均值为5617.28 MJ/m²,整体呈现明显下降趋势,但2000年后又缓慢上升;大同市地面接收太阳总辐射在1975年发生突变;太阳总辐射的振荡周期为9a,现正处于太阳辐射偏高年份;日照时数逐年递减,地面接收太阳辐射减少,二者呈现显著正相关;降水量在波动中缓慢减少,而地面接收太阳辐射总量减少,二者呈现一定正相关;云量变化逐年减少,但与地面接收太阳辐射相关性不明显,气候的自然因素变化与地面接收太阳辐射的相关性较小。