新疆西天山地区构造单元划分、地层系统及其构造演化

西天山地区是指位于奎屯南的北天山与库车北的南天山间的广大地区。早古生代,该区处于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块东南缘中段与卡拉库姆—塔里木板块西北缘交汇部位,其主缝合带处于长阿吾子—乌瓦门一线。通过各构造单元地层系统及蛇绿混杂岩定年研究,认为本区博罗科洛山南缘霍城—哈希勒根一带为奥陶纪—志留纪的赛里木—准葛尔和乌孙—阿吾拉勒微板块的接合带。塔里木微板块北缘的南天山地区在中奥陶世—志留纪显示多岛洋的构造格局,早古生代板块活动经历了上亿年。晚古生代早期的洋盆较狭窄,生存时间为数千万年。北天山依连哈比尔尕地段隶属于早石炭世微型沟弧盆体系。晚古生代晚期由裂谷转为走滑拉分体制,此时壳—幔岩浆活动及物质交换频繁,为本区主成矿期。中生代进入板内陆块构造堆叠并伴随走滑的动力学环境。新生代受印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞效应的汇聚作用,导致山体强烈隆升,造就了现今的南、北天山及伊犁盆地相间的地貌景观。     

北祁连中段早古生代双向俯冲——碰撞造山模式剖析

在十余年野外考察的基础上，通过火山－沉积组合，高压变质带及俯冲杂岩带产出特征，花岗岩浆活动，同位素年龄值等综合分析研究，结合近年区调成果，提出北祁连中段地区旱古生代的构造演化模式，认为该区是在古陆壳基底上由震旦纪打开经海底扩张生成的留有微陆块的微洋盆，寒武－奥隐纪，以黑河－八宝河为轴发生海底扩张，同时分别向南北两侧发生了俯冲杂岩带也随之由南向北先后反弹回跳到地表，转化为汇聚过渡壳；南侧由早期被动陆     

Local Scour Around Piles Under Wave Action

The model tests are performed with regular waves, and the effect of wave height, wave period, water depth, sediment size and pile diameter is evaluated. The shape and size of local scour around piles are studied. There are three typical scour patterns due to wave action. It is found that a relationship exists between the erosion depth and the wave number. An empirical formula of the maximum local scour is thus derived.     

构筑海上长城护航海洋经济

江苏省盐业集团有限责任公司所属盐场海堤全长为166lkm，分布在连云港、盐城两市及所辖赣榆、灌云、响水、滨海、射阳等五县境内。海堤北自赣榆县沙河口，南至射阳县新洋河口，保护着盐场和周边乡镇200万人民生命财产安全。纳入江苏省江海堤防     

东海黑潮上空气旋波的扰动能量传输

In this paper,two cyclones which formed over the kuroshio area are analised. First, heat transfers through Sea Surface 900mb,850mb, 700mb are calculated. Then, we also calculate the eddy dnergy budget during period of the East China Sea Cyclone formed over kuroshio area. The analysis of eddy energy shows: The generation term of the eddy availiable petential enery assosiated with heat transfers through sea surface has maximum order of magnitude among each terms of the eddy energy equation of the East China Sea Cyalone. The Yalue of generation term over kurshio area is obvionsly more than that over the land or other sea regions. Thus,the heat transfers through kuroshio sea surface is very favourable for the generation of eddy availiable potential energy of the East China Sea cyrlones, the conversion from mean potential energy to eddy potential energy of the Cyclone increases with development of Cyclone. Its value is roughly as large as that of generation term later on. It makes a great difference with other weather systems.     

ON INTERACTION BETWEEN MERIDIONAL AND ZONAL DISTURBANCES IN TROPICAL EASTERLY

The distribution of wind speed in the easterly in the tropics is not uniform. In the part with large curvature, such as lines of trough and ridge, the wind speed is small, while in the part with small curvature, the wind speed is large. In this paper, these phenomena are expounded with gradient wind equation.Considering the distribution of wind speed, we find the wave speed formula from linearized vorticity and divergence equation. The wave speed is equal to the sum of the Rossby wave speed and a harmonic function for x and t. Its period is about 3.5 days. And it is proved that the disturbance is barotropic instability. The results are caused by interaction between meriodional and zonal disturbances.     

THE WIND FIELD IN TROPICAL EASTERLY DISTURBANCE

It is expounded in this paper that the wind is weak in a zone of large curvature and strong in the small one in case of large scale stream field in the tropics. The relation between the variation of stream fields and generation of cyclones in tropical disturbance are also studied based on the authors' another paper.     

福建省几种气象干旱指数的对比分析

选用合理的干旱指数对干旱进行监测一直是干旱研究的难点之一,对不同指数的适用性进行研究可以为干旱监测提供一定的参考依据。基于1960—2017年福建省气象站的逐日气象观测数据,采用频率累积法对五种干旱指数的阈值进行修正,利用层次分析法计算不同等级干旱事件的权重,结合120个典型历史干旱事件,对降水距平百分率(P_a)、标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、相对湿润指数(MI)、改进综合气象干旱指数(CI_(new))在福建省的适用性进行了分析。结果表明:CI_(new)适用于春秋冬季和年际的干旱监测,MI适用于夏秋冬季的干旱监测,这两种指数对重旱和特旱事件的监测效果比较好,SPI和SPEI对中旱和轻旱事件的监测效果比较好。五种指数均能比较好地描述干旱的发展过程,CI_(new)的监测结果更贴合实际,并且较符合干旱发生的机制。因此CI_(new)在福建省的干旱监测中比较适用,MI次之。     

水化作用下白垩系砂岩崩解特性及耗散能分析

白垩系砂岩沉积时间短,胶结程度差,在水化作用下极易发生崩解。选用湖北宜昌地区白垩系五龙组砂岩开展室内静态与动态崩解试验,分析了静动态崩解方式下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数的变化规律。通过测定崩解循环后不同粒径范围内崩解物颗粒质量百分含量的变化分析白垩系砂岩的崩解过程,采用电镜扫描试验观察崩解前后白垩系砂岩的镜下微观特征,根据崩解后崩解残留物的形态特征分析白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏模式,研究白垩系砂岩的崩解机理;从能量耗散的角度入手,引用表面能增量定量描述白垩系砂岩崩解过程中的破碎程度。结果表明:静态崩解下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数整体上低于动态崩解,随着崩解次数变大,小粒径颗粒(0.25~0.075 mm)的质量百分含量逐渐增加,最终趋于稳定;白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏主要是沿着节理裂隙面、颗粒胶结面以及微裂隙逐渐展开,随着崩解物粒径由大变小,与水的接触机会增多,且相应的裂隙扩展路径变短,崩解物破碎程度加大。采用表面能累计增量可以较好地反映白垩系砂岩在崩解过程中的破碎程度,表面能累计增量越大,崩解残留物越破碎,崩解程度越高。研究成果可为易崩解软岩地区岩土体工程性质评价提供理论参考。     

保护性耕作对黄土高原农田土壤理化性质的影响北大核心CSCD

研究了陇中黄土高原半干旱区的小麦→豌豆→小麦轮作系统下免耕（NT）、传统耕作＋秸秆还田（TS）、免耕＋秸秆覆盖（NTS）等保护性耕作措施对土壤容重和土壤养分的影响。结果表明：保护性耕作措施可显著提高0~5cm层土壤有机碳、氮（全氮、速效氮）、磷（全磷、速效磷）、钾（全钾、速效钾）的含量,其中,NTS效果最优,可显著降低0~30cm各土层土壤容重;土壤有机碳与氮（全氮、速效氮）、磷（全磷、速效磷）各因子存在极显著正相关关系。与传统耕作相比,NTS、NT、TS降低土壤容重,提高了土壤养分的含量。豌豆田土壤容重分别降低4.80%、2.67%、4.00%,有机碳分别提高10.52%、4.63%、4.83%,全氮分别提高13.83%、7.45%、8.51%;春小麦田土壤容重分别降低4.62%、3.08%、4.62%,有机碳分别提高11.99%、7.78%、12.10%,全氮分别提高11.11%、6.67%、3.33%。