上海市崇明岛农田土壤重金属的环境质量评价(英文)

The environmental quality of heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg) in agricultural surface soil of Chongming Island was assessed by national,local and professional standards based on a large scale investigation,in which 28 samples from vegetable plots,65 samples from paddy fields and 9 samples from watermelon fields were collected from whole island area. Results showed that the average concentration of Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg was 21.6 mg·kg-1,0.176 mg·kg-1,69.4 mg·kg-1,9.209 mg·kg-1 and 0.128 mg·kg-1,respectively. Compared with the background value of Shanghai City soil,except for Pb and Cr,all the other heavy metals average concentrations in Chongming Island agricultural surface soil exceeded their corresponding natural-background values. The concentrations of Cd,As and Hg were 33.0%,1.2% and 26.3% higher than the background value of Shanghai City,respectively. In addition,inverse distance interpolation (IDW) tool of GIS was also applied to study the spatial variation of heavy metals. The results indicated that most of agricultural soil quality was good,and the ratio of ecological,good soil,certified soil and disqualified soil were 1.26%,97.1%,1.47% and 0.12%,respectively. About 10.1%,85.7%,27.0%,55.4% and 55.2% soil samples exceeded the Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg background value of Shanghai City,respectively. Among these three land use type soils,vegetable soil was most seriously polluted by heavy metals,which is probably related to the over-application of pesticides. The annual deposition fluxes of Pb,Cd,As and Hg were 7736 μg.m-2.a-1,208 μg.m-2.a-1,2238 μg.m-2.a-1 and 52.8 μg.m-2.a-1,respectively. Crop straw burning was the important source of heavy metals of atmospheric deposition,and atmospheric deposition contributed a lot to heavy metals in agricultural soil in Chongming Island.     

吉林省小西南岔金铜矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

小西南岔金铜矿床岩石、矿石及矿物的稀土元素特征表明：成矿作用与海西期闪长岩和燕山期闪长玢岩脉密切相关；矿石及矿物稀土总量北山矿段明显高于南山矿段，显示出成矿作用的地质分带性；不同成矿阶段的石英稀土元素地球化学特征具有明显的差异和变化规律，从早期成矿阶段至主成矿阶段到晚期成矿阶段，稀土配分模式由重稀土富集型→轻稀土富集型→轻稀土明显富集型，铕异常由显著负异常→明显负异常→不明显负异常，ΣＲＥＥ及Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ比值由高到低，ΣＣｅ／ΣＹ及（Ｌａ／Ｓｍ）＿Ｎ比值由小到大。     

不同地质年代煤矸石中有机质的溶出特征对比

分别以神东矿区补连塔矿侏罗纪煤矸石和保德矿二叠纪煤矸石为研究对象,通过浸泡实验,结合三维荧光光谱测试技术及平行因子分析法,对比研究2种煤矸石中有机质的溶出特征,这对于开展煤矿区地下水库水处理机理研究具有重要意义。研究结果表明:由于煤矸石自身矿物组成不同,补连塔矿煤矸石浸泡液中总离子质量浓度高于保德矿,且2种煤矸石浸泡液均呈弱碱性;其中补连塔矿煤矸石溶解性有机质（DOM）中含有较多的共轭双键或苯环类简单芳香族化合物,以富里酸和分子量较大的陆源类腐殖质为主,且含量普遍高于保德矿,而保德矿煤矸石中富里酸和酪氨酸类有机质较多。根据DOM样品荧光指数（FI）、生物源指数（BIX）、腐殖化指数（HIX）的计算结果,2种煤矸石中DOM主要为内源有机质,并具有较强的自生源特征,且煤矸石形成地质年代越早,煤矸石DOM样品的"微生物源"特征越明显。      

济阳坳陷桩西地区中生界火成岩岩相序列

本文以济阳坳陷桩西地区中生界火成岩为例,采用旋回-期次-岩相三级划分方案,对火成岩岩相序列进行了深入分析。研究表明:火山喷发受控于燕山晚期发育的北北西向断裂体系,逆冲断层和负反转断层是火山岩发育的主要部位。火成岩集中发育段划分为2个长期旋回、4个中期旋回和7个喷发旋回,发育爆发相、溢流相、火山通道相和火山沉积相4种岩相类型,存在Ⅰ类(以爆发相开始)和Ⅱ类(以溢流相开始)2种相序组合。相序组合具有"垂向分段,平面分带"的特征,北部以Ⅰ型为主,南部以Ⅱ型为主;Ⅰ型主要发育于西洼组,Ⅱ型主要发育于蒙阴组。     

铁矿区复垦土壤重金属含量变化趋势及其污染评价

通过齐大山矿区不同复垦年限土壤重金属含量变化的趋势,应用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:未复垦土壤重金属含量(除As外)均高于辽宁省背景值,随复垦年限的增加,矿山复垦土壤重金属含量多数呈先增加后减少的趋势。以国家《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)为评价标准,Ni处于警戒级;Cd在未复垦地区处于警戒级,复垦后处于安全级;其他元素皆处于安全级。以辽宁省土壤背景值为标准,产生潜在生态危害的主要为Hg和Cd;Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cr和As属轻微危害水平;复垦后总的潜在生态风险程度由中等变为轻微。     

黏性土包气带中流体迁移规律

以黏土模拟低渗透包气带环境,探究了混溶流体在包气带中的迁移规律。实验结果表明:混溶流体在横向和垂向的最大迁移距离与流体泄漏量均符合幂函数变化规律y=axb。随着流体注入体积的增加,横向和垂向迁移距离不断增大,迁移速率逐渐减小。文章提出以横纵比作为反映流体在包气带中迁移变化规律的重要指标。横纵比总体呈下降趋势,具体分为两个阶段:流体注入体积为0~3 046 m L时,横纵比呈先上升后稳定的趋势,横纵比大于1。此阶段流体以横向发育为主,污染羽剖面呈扁平状椭圆;当流体注入体积大于3 046 m L,横纵比逐渐减小到1以下并持续减小。此阶段流体以垂向发育为主,污染羽剖面逐渐转变为竖直长条状椭圆。     

刍云深水凹陷高成熟原油芳烃地球化学特征研究

对白云凹陷采集的27个原油样品的芳烃组成进行了系统的研究。其分布特征和相对含量表明,原油母质具明显的陆源高等植物输入特征,沉积环境以氧化环境为主,根据萘系列、菲系列、二苯并噻吩系列化合物的相对含量分布差异,优选有效的烷基萘、烷基菲、烷基二苯并噻吩成熟度指标,综合分析了白云凹陷原油成熟度特征。原油总体属于成熟一高成熟原油,结合生物标志化合物组成可划分为A、B两类,A类原油的成熟度高于B类原油。还选用有效的成熟度参数探讨了白云凹陷油气运移规律,如三甲基萘比值,该参数指示油气运移方向沿白云主洼中心向周围运移,且邻近番禺低隆起,运移方向由西向东,即沿着成熟度由高到低方向运移。     

NBFTP: a dedicated data transfer system for remote astronomical observation at Dome A

Dome A,Antarctica,has been thought to be one of the best astronomical sites on the Earth for decades.Since it was first visited by astronomers in 2008,dozens of facilities for astronomical observation and site testing were deployed.Due to its special geographical location,the data and message exchange between Dome A and the domestic control center could only depend on Iridium.Because the link bandwidth of Iridium is extremely limited,the network traffic cost is quite expensive and the network is rather unstable,the commonly used data transfer tools,such as rsync and scp,are not suitable in this case.In this paper,we design and implement a data transfer tool called NBFTP(narrow bandwidth file transfer protocol)for the astronomical observation of Dome A.NBFTP uses a uniform interface to arrange all types of data and matches specific transmission schemes for different data types according to rules.Break-point resuming and extensibility functions are also implemented.Our experimental results show that NBFTP consumes 60%less network traffic than rsync when detecting the data pending to be transferred.When transferring small files of 1 KB,the network traffic consumption of NBFTP is 40%less than rsync.However,as the file size increases,the network traffic consumption of NBFTP tends to approach rsync,but it is still smaller than rsync.     

气候监测业务专题数据服务系统的设计与实现

为了满足气候监测业务日益突出的个性化资料需求,设计和开发了气候监测业务专题数据服务系统。在分析用户资料需求的基础上,重点介绍了系统的设计思路和实现技术。该系统由1个专题数据支撑库和4个功能模块组成,包括资料更新发现、专题数据集制作、数据服务和任务调度,其中,专题数据集制作方法和3种任务调度模式是系统设计的核心。系统实现采用SSH (Struts Spring Hibernate) 框架,按数据访问层、业务逻辑层和交互表现层进行分层实现;同时,结合DWR (Direct Web Remoting) 技术实现了同步异步交互方式,使用灵活的配置管理加强系统的可扩展性。系统投入运行后,已制作出13个专题数据集,提供了良好的数据服务。     

γ射线暴光变曲线的研究

γ射线暴的光变曲线复杂多变,普遍认为是由内激波产生.由相对论运动学效应导出高速运动激波层发射的光子数与观测者接收到的光子数之间的转换关系,再运用内激波辐射的角度扩展得到单个脉冲的曲线方程和形状,其形状为典型的快上升指数下降.进而在合理的参数下用多壳层的连续碰撞模型对γ射线暴的一些观测光变曲线进行拟合,取得较好效果,由此可以解释更多类型的γ射线暴的光变曲线.