新疆博尔塔拉盆地含油碎屑岩的初步研究

在新疆博尔塔拉中亚型地洼盆地第三系地洼构造层中首次发现油浸碎屑岩，经气相色谱、红外光谱及有机质谱的初步分析．确认存在丰富的有机质，主要成分为饱和烷烃。表明地层中有生油和聚积的过程，这将为在该地洼区进一步开展找油（气）工作提供方向。     

南极中山站及毗邻地区湖泊与冰雪CODMn研究

在 CHINARE- 1 5考察期间对中山站及毗邻地区的湖泊和冰雪进行了采样。它们的CODMn指数与中国《地面水环境质量标准》相比 ,可分为三类 :一类水质所占比重最大 ,大约为56% ,二类和三类分别为 37%、7%。各类水体的 CODMn指数主要为自然源所贡献 ,人为污染不明显。湖水的 CODMn指数是生物生长状况、有机质含量、盐度和水体氧化还原程度的综合体现 ,新鲜降雪样的 CODMn指数指示了该地区的大气洁净度。     

北极新奥尔松地区现代污染源及其指示植物研究

分析了采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)(78°55′N,11°56′E)煤矿开采区水平剖面12个点位上的三种苔原植物Dicranumangustum(苔藓类植物)、Puccinelliaphryganodes(穗状植物)和Salixpolaris(管状植物)及土壤中10种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、As、Se)及S、TOC的含量。结果显示采矿过程中煤层的暴露是本地区的Hg、Cd、S污染的主要来源。三种分布最广泛、数量最多的苔原植物中苔藓植物Dicranumangustum对重金属元素具有最大的富集能力,位于矿区的Dicranumangustu体内污染元素含量显著高于非矿区部分,这也说明该水平剖面上的元素污染是由当地煤矿开采导致的。同时发现,Dicranumangustum体内元素积累和土壤中元素浓度之间沿水平剖面的变化趋势较一致,能较好地反映本地区的污染状况,可以作为污染监测和指示植物。从全球区域对比来看,北极新奥尔松苔藓体内污染水平显著低于邻近的北欧等工业区,但却是北极地区Hg、Cd和S污染最严重地区,同时也比南极地区高。     

Summertime Surface N_2O Concentration Observed on Fildes Peninsula Antarctica:Correlation with Total Atmospheric O_3 and Solar Activity

Three-year summertime surface atmospheric N2O concentrations were observed for the first time on the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica, and the relationships among the N2O concentration, total atmospheric O3 amount, and sunspot number were analyzed. Solar activity had an important effect on surface N2O concentration and total O3 amount, and increases of sunspot number were followed by decreases in the N2O concentration and total O3 amount. A corresponding relationship exists between the N2O concentration and total atmospheric O3, and ozone destruction was preceded by N2O reduction. We propose that the extended solar activity in the Antarctic summer reduces the stratospheric N2O by converting it into NOx, increases the diffusion of N2O from the troposphere to the stratosphere, decreases the surface atmospheric N2O, and depletes O3 via the chemical reaction between O3 and NOx. Our observation results are consistent with the theory of solar activity regarding the formation of the Antarctic O3 hole.     

An assessment of variations in mercury deposition to Antarctica over the past 34,000 years

We performed a comparison analysis of the variations .in Mercury ( Hg) concentrations and the precipitation proxies ( e. g. , 18 O values and 10 Be concentrations) in the Dome C ice core. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Hg and δ 10O values, 10Be concentrations, indicating that the accumulation rate in Dome C is one of the key factors controlling the variations of Hg concentrations in the past 34 ,000 years, and implying that Hg concentrations in ice core can be used as another reliable proxy of precipitation rate in Antarctica. Based upon the high-resolution δ 18O values, we estimated the variations in mercury deposition flux to Antarctica over the past 34,000 years. The highest mercury deposition flux is about 3. 80 pg cm-2 yr-1 during the Last Glacial Maxium (LGM) as high as 3. 5 times of the mercury deposition flux ( about 1. 08 pg cm -2 yr -1) in Holocene due to the fluctuations in natural mercury emissions such as the oceanic biological emissions.     

Sr/Ca,Mg/Ca:珊瑚岛鸟粪沉积的物源指示计*

文章尝试用Sr/Ca,Mg/Ca比值作物源指示计,区分了珊瑚岛屿受到海鸟粪影响的湖泊沉积物中鸟粪、珊瑚砂、植物这几种主要的环境介质对沉积物的相对贡献,据此恢复1800年来西沙群岛东岛海鸟数量变化和植被演化的历史。结果表明,东岛海鸟数量的变化历史可划分为潜伏期、增长期、稳定期和衰退期4个阶段,历史时期东岛海鸟生态系统的建立和发展与岛屿植被的演变有着密切的联系。研究获得的方法和初步结论为进一步开展西沙岛屿海鸟数量变化、植被演化的广泛对比并探讨与气候变化、人类活动的相互联系提供了基础。     

企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面的化学溶蚀形貌及实验模拟

利用电镜扫描的方法分析了南极阿德雷岛Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂微形貌的特征,发现在企鹅粪含量高的沉积层中石英砂表面具有明显的碗状溶蚀坑等化学溶蚀特征,这一溶蚀特征在Y2湖企鹅粪含量低的沉积层和研究区的其他未受企鹅粪影响的沉积环境中均未明显出现。为了揭示这一特殊化学溶蚀现象的作用机制,根据Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层自然沉积环境,通过条件实验确定在实验室内使用酸性较高的氟溶液(1mol.L-1HF溶液)对石英砂进行溶蚀实验,通过对比分析发现,实验室模拟条件下可以得到与企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂相近的表面微形貌特征,这表明它们是在相似的过程中形成的。企鹅粪土沉积层酸性高氟环境中可能存在的HF酸化学溶蚀作用是形成企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面特有溶蚀坑的主要原因。在南极特殊的自然条件下碗状溶蚀坑与企鹅粪之间存在一定的因果关系,从而使石英砂的表面微形貌分析成为南极企鹅生态研究的一种新的辅助手段。     

质子探针分析方法研究矿石中微细粒金的赋存状态——以皖中沙溪斑岩铜(金)矿床为例

本文应用先进的微束分析技术——质子探针分析方法对安徽中部沙溪斑岩铜（金）矿床中金的赋存状态进行系统的研究。结果表明,该斑岩铜（金）床中金的赋存状态以微细粒微米级的自然金形式存在,其载体矿物主要为黄铁矿和黄铜矿。本研究对斑岩铜（金）矿床中金的综合利用提供了理论上的依据,同时也为其它同类矿床中金的赋存状态提供了新的研究方法。     

Geochemical studies on REE and trace elements from several Cu-Au deposits along the lower Yangtze metallogenic valley, central-southern Anhui Province

The Yangtze Valley was one of the most important metallogenic regions during the Jurassic-Cretaceous period in East China, where more than 200 polymetallic Cu-Fe-Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag deposits have been found. Trace elements were chemically analyzed and the relevant data were collected from literature for the Yanshanian (Mesozoic) igneous rocks which have close relationship with Cu-Au mineralization. Copper mineralization in the lower Yangtze Valley can be divided into three major types: skarn type, porphyry type and volcanic type. The porphyry type is of rare occurrence, such as the Shaxi porphyry copper deposit in the northern part of the lower Yangtze metallogenic valley. This paper focuses on the REE and trace element geochemistry of several Cu-Au deposits along the lower part of Yangtze metallogenic valley in Anhui. The results showed that there are differences in REE distribution for these four types of Cu-Au mineralization, which confine the sources of REE and trace elements as well as other mantle and transitional compatible elements. The results of both REE and trace element geochemical studies showed that these elements with different characteristics have different origins, probably representing different sources of Cu-Au deposits in the deep crust and upper mantle environments. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of one biotite sample gave an age of 131 Ma with a high level of confidence, which represents the age of formation of the Shaxi porphyrite intrusive with porphrytic Cu-Au mineralization, which is consistent with that of the majority of the adjacent acid intrusives with mass Cu-Au mineralization along the Yangtze metallogenic belt in the Yanshanian period (Mesozoic). This is the first attempt to use the high precision method to date the Shaxi porphyrite intrusive.     

近2000年来南极菲尔德斯半岛西湖沉积物中稀土元素1/δEu特征与气候演变

测试分析了近2000年来南极菲尔德斯半岛西湖沉积物中的部分稀土元素和微量元素丰度。稀土元素的分配模式表明沉积物主要来自周围的母岩风化产物。相对于Cs/Rb,La/Yb和Sr/Ba而言，1／δEu随深度的变化与沉积物中反映生物强度变化的S元素丰度的波动明显一致，且与近2000年来该地区降水量的变化几乎同步。这表明尽管稀土元素Eu没有出现明显的异常变化，但是，1／δEu对历史时期的气候变化和生物活动强度有很好的响应关系，能够用来反演古气候环境的演变。