Glacier reconstruction of La Covacha Massif in Sierra de Gredos(central Spain) during the Last Glacial Maximum

A paleoglacier reconstruction during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) is presented for a high mountain area of La Covacha massif in Sierra de Gredos(Iberian Central System) in central Spain. The moraines that, according with the previous literature, had formed during the global LGM, were mapped through photo interpretation of digital aerial photographs and 3D images and detailed field surveys. The topography of the paleoglaciers was estimated using a simple steady-state model that assumed a perfectly plastic ice rheology, reconstructing the theoretical ice profiles and obtaining the ice thickness of the glaciers during the LGM. The reconstruction of the glaciers was carried out using automated and semi-automated physically-based models, obtaining more realistic results with semi-automated models. According to our study, the paleoglaciers in the study area covered an area of 34.79 km~2 during the global LGM, with a maximum ice thickness of 366 meters in La Vega gorge, a total volume of 34.25 × 108 m~3 and a mean paleoELA of 1932 meters. Most of the ice(～82%) was in paleoglaciers facing north, and the rest was in paleoglaciers with other orientations. This emphasizes the importance of orientation in relation to glacier dynamics and ice accumulation. The results obtained in the calculation of paleoELAs during the global LGM in Gredos are average compared to the Iberian mountains of the Northwest where the values were much lower, and with respect to those of the Southwest, much higher. This demonstrates the importance of the exposure of Mediterranean mountains to the humidity sources coming from the NW during the global LGM, as is the case at present.     

大陆边缘形成过程中裂谷作用、断裂作用、沉积作用与地幔蛇纹石化的相互关系--以挪威海为例

通过2D热-构造-地层盆地模拟,研究了在大陆裂谷作用过程中地幔蛇纹石化的条件,该模拟试图追踪大陆地壳流变学演化,阐明沉积物覆盖效应,并且动态地控制蛇纹石化过程。基本思想是如果要发生地壳规模的断裂作用和地幔蛇纹石化,那么整个伸展陆壳必须是脆性的。这种反应的均衡和潜在的热效应与构造和热溶解完全相关。系统的参数研究表明存在一个使得地壳完全脆化和蛇纹石化发生的临界伸展因子。由于沉积物的覆盖效应致使地壳温度升高,沉积速率的增加可以使这个关键伸展因子变得更大。因此沉积物供给通过温度控制的粘性流动,强烈控制了地壳的强度,而地幔的蛇纹石化反应仅仅可能当沉积速率低而伸展因子高的时候发生。在一个典型的实例,挪威陆缘,我们试验了位于More和Voting边缘之下的内部下陆壳体(LCB)是否可能是蛇纹石化地幔。Scheck-Wenderoth和Maystrenko(2011)以3D资料为基础建立了多条2D剖面。我们发现蛇纹石化反应是可能的,而且可能是在侏罗纪裂陷作用阶段。预测的部分蛇纹石化地幔的厚度和位置与地震和重力资料确定的LCB信息吻合。我们认为挪威陆缘之下的一些LCB可能是部分蛇纹石化地幔。     

全球城市研究热点与进展——首届“全球城市与城市区域”青年学者学术研讨会会议综述

首届"全球城市与城市区域"青年学者学术研讨会暨华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院学术论坛于2018年11月16-17日在上海华东师范大学中山北路校区成功举办,来自英国、中国香港和上海等科研院所的城市地理学界的30多位学者,其中不乏国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目入选者、中组部"青年千人计划"入选者等,参加了本次会议。会议经过热烈而富有成效的讨论后一致认为,全体城市研究热点为全球城市空间更新、全球城市区域发展、全球城市创建政策和全球城市区域网络等。与会学者还讨论了中国全球城市与区域研究发展方向。     

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.     

Structural Setting and Kinematic Analysis of the Halaban Region,Eastern Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

The vorticity analysis technique was applied to measure the different lithological units,such as schist,metagranite and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks,which are present in the Halaban region.This work aims to interpret the relationship between the different lithologies and the tectonic setting,in order to elucidate the nature of kinematic analysis in the Halaban region.The kinematic analyses were applied to feldspar porphyroclasts,quartz and hornblende for twentysix samples.The kinematic vorticity number (W_m) for deformed rocks in the study area ranged from～0.6 to 0.9.The direction of the long axes for finite strain data (X axes) revealed a WNW trend with shallow dipping.The direction of the short axes for finite strain data (Z axes) were represented by vertical with associated horizontal foliation.The results of the kinematic vorticity and strain analyses are characterized by simple shear with different degrees of deformation in the Halaban region.Furthermore,our finite strain data shows no significant volume change during deformation.The subhorizontal foliation was synchronized with thrusting and deformation.Furthermore,throughout the overlying nappes,the same attitudes of tectonic contacts are observable,the nappes in the orogens being formed from simple shear deformation.     

许氏平鲉肌肉生长发育的初步研究

鱼类肌肉占体重的40％ ～60％,不同于哺乳动物仅有肌纤维增大的肌肉生长模式,大部分鱼类肌肉呈现兼有肌纤维增生(Hyperplasia)和肥大(Hypertrophy)的生长模式,且在不同阶段,肌纤维肥大与增生对肌肉生长的贡献存在差异.对于许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)等大型经济鱼类,肌肉生长是其生...     

Effect of Dietary Phosphorus on the Growth and Body Components of Juvenile Synechogobius hasta

The effect of dietary phosphorus on the growth and body components of juvenile Synechogobius hasta was determined. Different percentages of dietary phosphorus (0.63, 0.77, 0.93, 1.06, 1.22 and 1.36) were tested by feeding the fish (body weight, 15.81 g ± 0.32 g; 20 individuals each group; 3 groups each percentage) at a surplus of 5%–10% above satiation for 35 d. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly affect the specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency rate. Nitrogen ...     

Detection of the end point temperature of thermal denatured protein in fish and chicken meat through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied in the detection of the end point temperature (EPT) of thermal denatured protein in fish and meat in this study. It was also used in studying the thermal denatured temperature range of proteins in salmon and chicken meat. The results show that the temperature ranges of denatured proteins were from 65 ℃ to 75 ℃ , and these temperature ranges were influenced by the processing methods. Through SDS-PAGE, the features of repeated he...     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthes japonica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

Historical development in soil micromorphological imaging

The book ＂micropedolog＂ by Kubieana and a large number of publications has induced many people to practice soil micromorphology. Quantification of the soil fabric and its components was a major challenge. The use of the image analyses in soil science was a breakthrough. Attempts to make soil thin sections go back to the beginning of the 2oth century. Microscopic techniques and recently high resolution electron microscope and use of computer assisted imaging techniques enabled the in vitro study of soils in three dimensional levels. It is now possible to store and process massive amounts of data. Micro- morphological concepts and techniques are applied in paleopedological, ecological, and archaeological studies. The aim of this work was to examine soil micromorphological imaging in historical perspective.