沙尘模式地表起沙参数不确定性分析

 起沙的参数化方法对沙尘天气的预报质量起着至关重要的作用。首先分析了目前应用广泛的沙尘模式中的参数土壤塑性压力P和cy对地表水平沙通量与垂直沙尘通量计算结果的影响,然后利用WRF-Chem3.0模式对2007年3月27—28日发生在我国西部地区的一次沙尘过程进行了模拟,分析了由于参数值选取的误差而造成沙尘模拟的不确定。结果表明,土壤塑性压力P对模拟结果有很大影响,P值的改变不仅影响PM10浓度大小的预测,而且还影响其浓度中心位置以及分布范围;cy值仅影响沙尘区域内PM10浓度大小的预测,对浓度中心位置和分布范围大小的预测没有影响。     

贵州喀斯特山区矢量数据栅格化最佳尺度选择

针对GIS空间数据尺度效应问题,通过对贵州喀斯特山区的矢量数据栅格化最佳尺度选择研究,提出研究对象的复杂性、空间分析与制图的精度要求和实际运算效率是影响尺度选择的最主要因素,进行多要素、综合性的空间分析时,25 m～30m的栅格数据是最合适的转换尺度。     

OpenGIS网络地图分块服务实现标准（WMTS）分析

在充分理解OpenGIS网络地图分块服务实现标准（WMTS）1.0的基础上,通过与目前开源社区和商业应用中具有相同定位的几个规范的对比,分析了WMTS所具有的技术特点。分析表明,该规范除支持常规的分块地图服务,还在多图式、多维度、坐标系统适应性以及URL个性化等方面为一些特殊应用提供了有力支持,相应其实现的难度也相对较大,需要实现人员付出更多时间来理解标准的内容。     

创新型遥感应用人才培养实践

结合西华师范大学实际提出,培养创新型遥感应用人才是其遥感课程教学和GIS专业建设的科学目标,并以《遥感图像处理》教学为例,着重从实际操作角度,分别介绍创新教学内容、创新教学案例和创新教学评价等长期研究与实践成果,以期为感兴趣者提供参考。     

黄土高原多沙粗沙区流域坡面水保措施变化(英文)

To control soil erosion and restore the degraded environment in the Loess Plateau, a large number of measures related to soil and water conservation have been employed that have profoundly affected catchment properties. This study constructed three indicators to characterize changes to the catchment slope, proposed both a method for a regression analysis of adjacent images and a sequence model, and applied multisource remotely sensed images and GIS spatial clustering analysis technologies to extract thematic information and comprehensively analyze the catchment change characteristics. The results indicate that the catchment slope properties changed significantly. At catchment scale, the average values of ARC, DVC and ART were 6.43%, 25.57% and 4.30%, respectively. There were six clustering types of catchment slope property changes. The maximum and minimum of the average similarities of the clustering types were 0.992 and 0.935. Each slope control measures had a distinct effect on catchment slope; the dominating factor of each clustering type was identified as: Type 1: D-VC, Type 2: D-VCLU, Type 3: D-LUVC, Type 4: D-TAVC, Type 5: D-TAC and Type 6: D-MFC. Type 5 and Type 1 covered the largest areas, respectively occupying 37.28% and 31.01%. Catchment slope property changes also had distinct types that depended on their geomorphological conditions. These findings provide a useful basis from which to further study catchment slope hydrological and soil erosion processes.     

运用分布式水文模型评估TRMM卫星降雨数据对渭河流域水文模拟的适用性（英文）

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) data with rain gauge data and further to use this TRMM data to drive a Distributed Time-Variant Gain Model(DTVGM) to perform hydrological simulations in the semi-humid Weihe River catchment in China.Before the simulations,a comparison with a10-year(2001-2010)daily rain gauge data set reveals that,at daily time step,TRMM rainfall data are better at capturing rain occurrence and mean values than rainfall extremes.On a monthly time scale,good linear relationships between TRMM and rain gauge rainfall data are found,with determination coefficients R~2 varying between 0.78 and 0.89 for the individual stations.Subsequent simulation results of seven years(2001-2007)of data on daily hydrological processes confirm that the DTVGM when calibrated by rain gauge data performs better than when calibrated by TRMM data,but the performance of the simulation driven by TRMM data is better than that driven by gauge data on a monthly time scale.The results thus suggest that TRMM rainfall data are more suitable for monthly streamflow simulation in the study area,and that,when the effects of recalibration and the results for water balance components are also taken into account,the TRMM 3B42-V7 product has the potential to perform well in similar basins.     

虎斑乌贼FMRFamide的表达定位及其Na+通道受体基因的克隆鉴定、表达分析

FMRFamide是神经肽家族的一类重要代表成员,参与无脊椎动物的多种生理调控过程。利用同源克隆和RACE技术获得了虎斑乌贼神经肽FMRFamide的Na+通道受体(Sp FaNaC)的cDNA全长共2 090 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF) 1 782 bp,编码一个由593个氨基酸残基组成的多肽链, N端无信号肽,具有2个跨膜区;序列分析显示其与头足纲、腹足纲和双壳纲相似性较高,聚类为姐妹支。荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)检测到SpFaNaC主要分布在中枢神经系统的视叶、脑,其次是心脏和副缠卵腺。SpFaNaC原位杂交结果显示其阳性信号存在于视网膜感光细胞的细胞体、视叶深层视网膜的内颗粒细胞层和外细胞颗粒层、食道上神经团的各亚叶,尤以交界区最为集中。同时,原位杂交和免疫组化观察到神经肽FMRFamide主要分布在视叶的中央髓质区、边缘髓质区、内细胞颗粒层和外细胞颗粒层;食道上神经团的阳性信号较少,主要集中为亚叶交界处。实验结果为研究虎斑乌贼FMRFamide及Sp FaNaC的生理功能研究奠定一定的理论基础。