石油演化理论与实践（Ⅰ）——石油演化的机理与石油演化的阶段

Mechanism and stagcs are discussed and a schematic diagram suggested for petroleum evolution based on a preliminsry review of the characteristics of some oil and gas bearing areas in China and a comparison of tbe content and nature of paraffins between shallower sediments .(ineluding recent sediments and organisms)and deed rocks (especially source rocks). During the early stage of petroleum evolution, when biochemical agency in shallower sediments plays the dominant role, most of the primary organic material changes into kerogen, with a certain amount of “dry” gas produced. On the other hand, thermal catalytic degradation contributes significantly to the intermediate and late stages of petroleum generation. The main stage of petroleum genesis in source rocks coincides with the late period of early diagenesis, during which the major mcde of occurrence of oilgenerating source matter is kerogen. The major factors controlling petroleum evolution are temperature, time, and the type of mineral catalytic agents and kerogen.The process of petroleum evolution can be divided into the following stages:(1) Oil and gas forming stage: a) Initial methane gas aubstage--the activity of microorganisms was intensive; formation of kerogen and methane took place. b) Low maturity oil substage. This is the main stage of oil generation.Low-matured oil and wet gas generated via the thermal catalytic degradation of kerogen. (2) Oil and gas maturity stage: a) High maturity oil substage. Both the molecular weight of paraffins and the ratio of oil to gas decrease. b) Final methane gas substage. This is the last period of petroleum evolution, with methane and highly matured bitumens as its final products.     

不同光强下长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)直立枝和匍匐枝的光生理特征及其对升温的响应

海洋绿藻长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera,又名海葡萄)因具有较高经济和生态价值而备受关注,光照和温度变化均会改变长茎葡萄蕨藻生理代谢,最终影响其经济价值和生态功能。文章比较研究不同生长光强下(40、80、120和160μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1)长茎葡萄蕨藻不同部位,即直立枝和匍匐枝的生理和生化特征,以及其对升温(+3℃、+6℃和+9℃)的响应。结果显示,光强由40升至120μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1时对长茎葡萄蕨藻相对生长率(RGR)的影响不显著,但是光强升至160μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1时可使RGR降低49%。弱光下(40μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1)直立枝的叶绿素(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量为匍匐枝的1.52和1.49倍;直立枝的Chla和Car含量随生长光强升高而降低,匍匐枝随光强升高而升高,二者蛋白含量则均随光强...     

渤海湾大规模围填海导致的岸线变化及潮流场响应分析

本文以21世纪初渤海湾大规模的围填海工程为背景,对2000-2015年典型年份的卫星遥感影像资料进行了岸线提取,并分析了其时空演变规律.以此为基础,建立了不同岸线及地形条件下的渤海湾水动力数值模型,计算结果与塘沽、黄骅港和东风港三个潮位观测站的实测数据吻合良好.模拟结果显示:渤海湾大规模围填海工程的建设使得三个主要工程...     

POI数据在中国城市研究中的应用

兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)数据的兴起带动了城市研究的革新.为梳理中国POI数据在城市研究的应用进展,阶段性总结其应用方向、数据分析方法及尚存不足,并为未来POI数据在中国城市发展中的应用提供思路和借鉴.应用CiteSpace工具对中国知网2010-2019年625篇相关文献进行知识图谱分析,结...     

RTK技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用

RTK测量有着实时、快捷、全天候等优点,在测量各领域得到广泛应用。本文通过RTK技术在煤田地震勘探方面的实践运用,对其作业方法、作业组织及成果精度作了初步研究。RTK测量的实质是将WGS84坐标系上的高精度三维成果以一定的转换参数,通过实时数据链进行计算转换,最终得到国家或工程独立坐标系的成果,本文亦对其转换参数的求取作了初步探讨。     

长江安庆段河道演变及塌岸分析

文章利用多时相航卫片遥感图像解译调查分析长江安庆段河道变迁及岸坡崩塌特征。根据解译调查长江安庆段从官洲往下游左岸崩岸不止，近年来，有加大之趋势；而安庆西郊一带则呈淤积态势；其下游马窝段则以崩岸为主，使左汊心滩淤长右移；鹅眉洲则不断崩退，变化趋势明显，应引起水利部门的重视。     

陕西双王金矿床含金角砾岩分类及其找矿意义

在总结分析陕西双王含金角砾岩成因基础上，将其分为构造角砾岩、液压致裂角砾岩和气液陷爆角砾岩三大类，阐述了各类角砾岩的特征、赋存特点和空间关系。讨论了不同角砾岩体的找矿意义。     

滦河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文响应

以滦河流域为研究区,利用1985和2000年土地利用数据,结合SWAT分布式水文模型定量评价了流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应,并分析了流域地表径流变化与主要景观类型的响应关系。结果表明:SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型可以较好地模拟滦河流域的月流量过程,在研究区具有较好的适用性;1985—2000年流域林地向草地和耕地的转变导致流域年均地表径流和总径流量分别增加了12.6%和5.1%;并使得流域年均地表径流变化空间差异显著,整体呈增加趋势,且主要受到林地变化的影响,而在三道河子以上集水区地表径流的变化则主要受到耕地景观的影响。合理规划土地利用格局,对于流域水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。     

不同类型沉积物中脂肪酸的分布、演化和生烃意义

对近代海洋沉积物、泥炭、福山凹陷第三系泥岩、茂名盆地第三系油页岩和辽河盆地东部凹陷第三系沉积岩剖面等样品中脂肪酸类型和分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明以低等浮游动植物为主的沉积中，二元肪酸丰度相对比一元酸占优势。随深程度增加，沥青中脂肪酸高碳数相对减少，低碳数相对增高，偶碳估势逐渐消失。在辽河盆地东部凹陷埋深２２６６ｍ的泥岩中发现脂肪酸仍具有偶碳优势，证明沉积有机质中偶碳脂肪酸优势可以保存到生油高峰前的较高演化阶段，对低熟原油烷烃的生成和具奇碳优势有重要意义。     

GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ORE

Being a part of Jiaoliao anteclise,Jiaodong peninsula comprises from north to so uth three second－order tectonic units,namely Jiaobei uplift,Jiaolai (depression ) basin and Jiaonan uplift.In the past,a number of economic gold deposits were d iscovered in Jiaobei uplift,which can be roughly classified into altered rock ty pe in the shattered zone (Jiaojia type) and quartz vein type (Linglong type).In recent years,the authors discovered Pengjiakuang gold deposit and Fayunkuang gol d deposit on the northeastern margin of Jiaolai basin.The Pengjiakuang gold depo sit occurs in epi－basin faults with decollement segregation character on the ma rgin of Jiaolai basin,and the orebodies are consistent with faults in attitude a nd distributed discontinously along faults in lenticular forms.Individual orebod ies are 300～400 m in length,0.39～19.45 m in thickness,and have gold grade of 1.0～26.8 g/t;native gold is disseminated in silicified,phyllic or carbonatize d tectonic breccia,with proved gold reserves as high as 20 t.The Fayunkuang gold deposit occurs in conglomerate of Early Cretaceous Laiyang Group on the margin of Jiaolai basin,and the host rocks have been extensively subjected to silicific a tion,pyritization,sericitization,carbonatization and chloritization.Orebodies st ratoid in form occur gently (dip angle 10° or so) along interlayers of conglome rate.Individual orebodies have maximum length of 400 m,oblique extension of 600～ 700 m and gold grade of 1.0～15.3 g/t,with gold reserves 12 t.Mining practice r eveals that gold－rich pockets are also controlled by several bed－cutting fault s of different attitudes.