大菱鲆早期发育过程中免疫器官的发生

应用组织切片研究了大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)初孵仔鱼至60 日龄幼鱼免疫器官的发育过程。结果表明, 免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺。1 日龄仔鱼可以观察到头肾原基, 包含未分化的造血干细胞。5 日龄时, 脾脏原基出现, 其淋巴化开始于27 日龄且发育速度较慢。13 日龄时, 大菱鲆仔鱼胸腺原基出现, 且发育速度较快, 分为外区和内区。在大菱鲆早期发育过程中, 胸腺和头肾之间出现细胞迁移现象。免疫器官淋巴化的顺序是胸腺、头肾和脾脏。在免疫器官发育后期, 脾脏和头肾中均发现了黑色素-巨噬细胞中心(MMCs), 脾脏中较丰富, 但在胸腺中尚未发现。在大菱鲆仔鱼早期发育阶段, 免疫器官尚未发育完善, 非特异性防御机制起着重要的免疫作用。     

基于流深和弯道超高的泥石流淤积范围划分

针对缺乏大比例尺地形图和历史灾害资料记录的地区,提出一种沟谷型泥石流淤积范围划分新方法。方法假定峰值流量时泥石流形成最大淤积范围,泥石流纵向淤积远端为堆积扇前缘。泥石流沟口过流断面最大平均流深(h0)被假定为堆积扇上其他过流断面的特定流深,h_0由峰值流量和沟口断面参数估算得到。利用堆积扇地形图,在相邻两条等高线间获得由h0确定的泥石流特征过流断面的位置和宽度,并对弯道处的特征过流断面宽度进行弯道超高修正。根据堆积扇上特征过流断面的分布确定泥石流淤积范围。3条泥石流案例用于方法验证,结果表明方法划定的淤积范围与实际淤积范围较一致,堆积扇上房屋的阻挡和局部相对平坦的地形是误差产生的主要原因。该方法具有操作简单、快速、客观、可重复的特点。     

诸城市国土资源局抓好“三个结合”加强廉政建设

日前,为增强干部职工的廉洁自律意识,进一步转变工作作风,诸城市国土资源局重点抓好“三个结合”,即：与强化学习教育相结合、与转变工作作风相结合、与落实监督检查相结合。不断加强廉政建设,收到了良好成效。工作中,该局组织党员干部参观了诸城市预防职务犯罪警示教育基地,进一步加强对干部理想信念和廉洁从政教育。严格落实《党风廉政建设责任制》、《工作人员行为准则》等规章制度,要求工作人员在办事过程中积极为群众提供优质、高效服务,切实为群众办实事、解难题。加强监督检查。在加强办理业务全程监督的基础上,突出抓好责任分解、检查考核、责任追究等关键环节,将廉政责任制进一步细化、量化,把工作表现、服务态度等也列入监督范围,让每个工作人员做到肩上有担子、有压力,工作有目标,行为有约束。通过以上措施,全体干部职工精神面貌焕然一新,说文明话、办文明事、做文明人在全局蔚然成风。     

鞍带石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼骨骼发育与生长特性研究

骨骼发育对于养殖鱼类苗种培育至关重要,骨骼畸形会影响仔稚幼鱼的外部形态及功能需求。作者利用骨骼染色技术和显微测量的方法对鞍带石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus)仔稚幼鱼的骨骼发育及生长特性进行连续观察和测量。实验结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼初孵仔鱼不存在骨与软骨结构,鞍带石斑鱼在变态前期和变态早期(长棘期)仔鱼的全长、颅骨长度、脊柱长度及尾鳍复合物的长度增加缓慢,骨骼发育过程中与摄食、呼吸及游泳功能相关的骨骼优先发育,如颅骨(颌骨、鳃)和鳍元件,且骨化顺序与发育顺序基本一致。进入变态晚期(收棘期),营养摄取及利用的器官发育趋于完善,稚鱼进入快速生长阶段。此外,在仔稚鱼发育早期,颅骨、脊柱以及尾鳍复合物中存在异速生长特性,呈现为在变态前期和变态早期(长棘期)颅骨和尾鳍复合物为正异速生长,而脊柱为负异速生长;在变态晚期(收棘期)和变态后期,颅骨为负异速生长,而脊柱和尾鳍复合物为近等速生长。因此,鞍带石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼的颅骨、脊柱及尾鳍复合物骨骼发育的异速生长现象与摄食、呼吸及游泳功能相适应。     

Characterization and differential expression of three GnRH forms during reproductive development in cultured turbot Schophthalmus maximus

Turbots( Schophthalmus maximus), one of the most important economic marine flatfish species, fail to undergo final spawning and spermiation naturally under artificial farming conditions. In vertebrates, reproduction is regulated by the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis(BPG-axis), and gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) is one of its key components. Therefore, to better understand the physiology of reproduction in the turbot, three of the genes encoding GnRH subtypes— sbGnRH, c GnRH-II and sGnRH —were cloned and sequenced by isolating the cDNA sequences. The localizations and patterns of expression of their mRNAs were also evaluated during seasonal gonadal development. All three mRNAs were expressed abundantly in the brain; sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs were also detected in the gonads and pituitary gland, and sbGnRH expression was much higher than that of sGnRH, indicating the critical role of sbGnRH in regulating the BPG-axis. Moreover, the brain expression patterns of sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs showed an increased trend during gonadal development, peaking in mature stages. This indicated the direct regulation of gonadal development by the GnRH system. In addition, c GnRH-II mRNA expression showed no significant variations, suggesting that c GnRH-II is not critically involved in the control of reproduction. Further, the mRNA abundances of the three GnRH forms in the breeding season were significantly higher than those in immature and post-breeding stages in all analyzed brain areas. Therefore, we propose that sbGnRH is the most important hormone for the regulation of reproduction in turbot via the BPG-axis. These results will help in better understanding the reproductive endocrine mechanisms of turbots and lay the groundwork for additional studies aimed at comparing the reproductive physiology of wild individuals with those raised under artificial conditions.     

基于手机传感器和互补滤波的行人航向解算

目前行人航迹推算逐渐成为室内定位研究与应用的热点。针对利用陀螺仪推算行人航向时存在较大累积误差的问题,本文提出了一种基于智能手机传感器的行人航向解算算法。该算法根据陀螺仪输出的角速度数据与手机传感器参数计算合适的阈值,实时调节PI调节器的误差补偿系数,对预处理后加速度计和磁力计数据解算的航向角进行补偿,并与陀螺仪数据互补滤波融合,得到融合后的航向角。试验基于低成本智能手机,分别在磁场强弱环境下采集手机传感器数据,对比分析本文算法与传统互补滤波算法及九轴数据融合算法在推算行人航向时的精度。试验结果表明,在室内磁干扰较强的环境下,本文算法与传统互补滤波算法、九轴数据融合算法相比定位精度分别提升了68.4%和65.9%,平均航向误差分别减小了3.4°和1.8°,验证了本文算法有较好的抗磁干扰性能,提高了行人航向角解算的可靠性。     

Histological change and heat shock protein 70 expression in different tissues of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in response to elevated temperature

High temperature influences the homeostasis of fish.We investigated the effects of elevated temperature on tissues of Japanese flounder {Paralichthys olivaceus) by analyzing the histology and heat shock protein 70(hsp70) expression of fish reared in warm conditions.In this study,temperature was increased at l±0.5℃/day starting at 24±0.5℃,and was kept at that temperature for 5 days before the next rise.After raising temperature at the rate up to 32±0.5℃,tissue samples from midgut,spleen,stomach,liver,muscle,gill,heart,trunk kidney and brain were collected for histological analysis and mRNA assay.Almost all the tissues showed changes in morphological structure and hsp70 level at 32±0.5℃.Histological assessment of the tissues indicated that the gill had the most serious damage,including highly severe epithelial lifting and edema,curved tips and hyperemia at the ending of the lamellars,desquamation and necrosis.The next most severe damage was found in liver and kidney.The hsp70 levels in all the tissues first increased and then decreased.The gut,stomach,muscle,heart,and brain had the highest expressions in 6 h,whereas the spleen,liver,gill and kidney had the highest expressions in 2 h.Therefore,tissues with the most significant lesions(especially gill and liver) responded much earlier(2 h) in hsp70 expression than other tissues,and these tissues demonstrated the most marked histological disruption and elevated mRNA levels,making them ideal candidates for further studies on the thermal physiology of this species.     

鱼类生殖细胞移植技术研究及进展

鱼类生殖干细胞具有多向分化潜能,作为供体细胞移入同种或异种受体,在受体内迁移、定居、增殖、分化、成熟,产生供体来源功能性配子和后代,称为鱼类生殖细胞移植。作为一项辅助生殖技术,与冷冻保存技术相结合,已经在多种鱼类上进行研究。经过十几年的发展,鱼类生殖细胞移植技术逐渐成熟,目前已经建立了原始生殖细胞、精原细胞、卵原细胞作为供体细胞,囊胚胚胎、孵化幼鱼、成鱼为受体的移植体系。生殖细胞移植技术未来将在濒危物种保护、代理养殖、干细胞诱导分化等方面发挥重要作用。本文总结分析了目前已经报道的鱼类生殖干细胞移植技术,以及鱼类生殖干细胞移植存在的问题和未来发展方向。