黑龙江平顶山金矿赋矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

平顶山金矿床位于佳木斯地块与松嫩地块的衔接处北端,地处中亚造山带的东段。前人对该矿床的岩(矿)石物理化学特征及地质特征已进行了研究,但对与成矿密切相关的花岗岩缺乏系统的岩石学、地球化学和高精度年代学等方面的研究。本次研究通过锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、Hf同位素示踪以及全岩的主、微量元素测试,探讨了平顶山金矿区赋矿花岗岩的源区特征、形成机制和构造背景。矿区花岗岩包括早期的浅色中粒二长花岗岩和稍晚期的细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,两期花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为271.7±2.3 Ma和249.8±3.3Ma,对应的εHf(t)为-4.17～-0.58和-4.98～-0.49,两阶段平均模式年龄tDM2分别为1432 Ma、1457Ma,原始岩浆可能来源于中元古代增生的壳源物质的重熔。两期花岗岩均以高碱(Na2O+K2O)、富Al2O3、富集LREE和LILE(Rb、Ba、Th、U和K)、低MgO、贫HREE和HFSE(Nb、Ta、P和Ti)为特征,属高钾钙碱性系列的准铝质/过铝质I型花岗岩,代表了火山弧-同碰撞环境。结合中亚造山带东段构造演化历史,我们认为平顶山金矿的花岗岩可能是古亚洲洋向北俯冲、闭合、华北克拉通与佳-蒙陆块碰撞产物。     

长春市利用高分辨率卫星正射影像生产城市专题地理信息工程技术实践

高分辨率卫星遥感影像是城市空间地理信息的重要数据源,可通过遥感影像信息提取技术获取以满足城市规划、城市园林、市政公共管理等部门所需的城市专题地理信息数据。本文阐述了长春市利用高分辨率卫星正射影像,采用人机交互目视解译方法批量生产城市专题地理信息的技术实践。     

外溢效应抵消亚马逊的环境保护成果（英文）

Diverse conservation efforts have been expanding around the globe,even under the stress of increasing agricultural production.A striking example is the supply-chain agreements put upon the Amazon forest which had reduced deforestation by 80% from the early 2000 s(27,772 km2) to 2015(6207 km2).However,evaluation of these conservation efforts usually focused on the impacts within the Amazon biome only,while the effects that spill over to other areas(e.g.,displacement of environmental pressure from one area to another) were rarely considered.Ignoring spillover effects may lead to biased or even wrong conclusions about the effectiveness of these conservation efforts because the hidden cost outside the target area of conservation may offset the achievement within it.It is thus important to assess the spillover effects of these supply-chain agreements.In this study,we used the two supply-chain agreements(i.e.,Soy Moratorium and zero-deforestation beef agreement) implemented in the Amazon biome as examples and evaluated their spillover effects to the Cerrado.To achieve a holistic evaluation of the spillover effects,we adopted the telecoupling framework in our analysis.The application of the telecoupling framework includes the interactions between distant systems and extends the analytical boundaries beyond the signatory areas,which fill the gap of previous studies.Our results indicate that the supply-chain agreements have significantly reduced deforestation by half compared to projections within the sending system(i.e.,Pará State in the Amazon,which exports soybeans and other agricultural products),but at the cost of increasing deforestation in the spillover system(i.e.,a 6.6 time increase in Tocantins State of the Cerrado,where deforestation was affected by interactions between the Amazon and other places).Our study emphasizes that spillover effects should be considered in the evaluation and planning of conservation efforts,for which the telecoupling framework works as a useful tool to do that systematically.     

中国区域全要素生产率的空间溢出关联效应研究

运用空间计量模型对1990~2011年中国全要素生产率进行研究,发现：此间中国省域全要素生产率在大部分年份呈现了空间自相关性,表明这22 a间中国省域全要素生产率并不是完全的随机状态,受其它区域的影响。进一步运用空间计量经济模型从空间维度探究了区域全要素生产率的影响因素,研究表明：经济的集聚水平越高,全要素生产率会得到显著改善;人力资本对经济增长与效率的提升有着显著地积极作用,并表现一定程度的溢出;政府干预和产业结构对全要素生产率的影响为负,说明政府部门要减少对经济的干预;同时表明了中国的产业结构可能存在不合理的地方;信息化水平、基础设施水平对全要素生产率的影响为正,但基础设施水平在统计学意义上并不显著;民营化所占比重的提升对全要素生产率的改进是显著的,因为私有化致使企业的权力下放有助于提高技术效率;经济开放水平显著提升了中国的区域全要素生产率;中国部分省份土地投入规模过大而出现规模不经济的问题。从全要素生产率在各个地区间溢出的证据出发,各个地方政府在统筹区域经济发展的过程中不仅需要考虑本地区经济发展的实际,需要打破目前行政区经济的界限,实现跨区域的协调与合作,实现共赢,最终实现所有地区全要素生产率的提高。     

末次冰消期以来东海内陆架古环境演化

通过对位于浙—闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔岩性、粒度以及AMS14C年代分析,探讨了研究区自末次冰消期以来的古沉积环境演化,认为是湖水或海水深度、气候变化等综合影响的结果。岩芯底部60.20～41.00 m（17.3～13.1 ka BP）为湖泊三角洲沉积序列,可划分为前三角洲—三角洲前缘—三角洲平原三个沉积亚相,物质来源主要是湖盆流域物质的输入。随着海平面的逐渐上升,海水自13.1 ka BP开始侵入研究区,形成了41.00 m的海相沉积地层,可划分为前滨—近滨—浅海三个沉积亚相,与海平面变化曲线具有良好的对应。自12.3 ka BP开始,研究区受到沿岸流影响,长江物质开始影响研究区,7.3 ka BP以来主要是来自长江的悬浮体在沿岸流作用下输送沉积而形成,稳定的泥质沉积物开始形成。全球性重要气候事件如新仙女木事件、8.2 ka冷事件在东海内陆架沉积物中也得到了良好揭示。     

庙子湖岛和黄兴岛夏季岩礁潮间带大型底栖动物群落格局

于2009年8月21-22日期间同步调查庙子湖岛和黄兴岛两个岩礁潮间带断面的大型底栖动物种类组成,并分析其群落格局。结果表明,庙子湖岛采集的样品中共有4门28种大型底栖动物,黄兴岛的则有5门37种大型底栖动物;两断面底栖动物群落以广温广布种和亚热带种为主,软体动物作为绝对优势类群主导其分布特征;总平均栖息密度、总平均生物量表现为庙子湖岛＞黄兴岛,种类数及生物量分布均表现为中潮带＞低潮带＞高潮带,栖息密度分布则表现为中潮带＞高潮带＞低潮带;物种多样性指数和物种丰富度指数均为黄兴岛＞庙子湖岛,两断面高潮带的群落生态指数相对中、低潮带较低;大型底栖动物ABC曲线分析表明,庙子湖岛底栖动物群落未受到污染或扰动,黄兴岛底栖动物群落则受到了中等程度的污染或扰动。     

De-eutrophication of effluent wastewater from fish aquaculture by using marine green alga Ulva pertusa

The de-eutrophication abilities and characteristics of Ulva pertusa, a marine green alga, were investigated in Qingdao Yihai Hatchery Center from spring to summer in 2005 by analyzing the dynamic changes in NH+4, NOˉ3, NO2ˉ as well as the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The results show that the effluent wastewater produced by fish aquaculture had typical eutrophication levels with an average of 34.3 μmol L-1 DIN. This level far exceeded the level IV quality of the national seawater standard and c...     

Antioxidative capacity and enzyme activity in Haematococcus pluvialis cells exposed to superoxide free radicals

The antioxidative capacity of astaxanthin and enzyme activity of reactive oxygen eliminating enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied in three cell types of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to high concentrations of a superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). The results show that defensive enzymes and astaxanthin-related mechanisms were both active in H. pluvialis during exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂⁻. Astaxanthin reacted with ROS much faster than did the protective enzymes, and had the strongest antioxidative capacity to protect against lipid peroxidation. The defensive mechanisms varied significantly between the three cell types and were related to the level of astaxanthin that had accumulated in those cells. Astaxanthin-enriched red cells had the strongest antioxidative capacity, followed by brown cells, and astaxanthin-deficient green cells. Although there was no significant increase in expression of protective enzymes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in red cells was sustained at a low level because of the antioxidative effect of astaxanthin, which quenched O₂⁻ before the protective enzymes could act. In green cells, astaxanthin is very low or absent; therefore, scavenging of ROS is inevitably reliant on antioxidative enzymes. Accordingly, in green cells, these enzymes play the leading role in scavenging ROS, and the expression of these enzymes is rapidly increased to reduce excessive ROS. However, because ROS were constantly increased in this study, the enhance enzyme activity in the green cells was not able to repair the ROS damage, leading to elevated MDA content. Of the four defensive enzymes measured in astaxanthin-deficient green cells, SOD eliminates O₂⁻, POD eliminates H₂O₂, which is a by-product of SOD activity, and APX and CAT are then initiated to scavenge excessive ROS.     

南海表层沉积物中细粒组分的稀土元素地球化学特征

对南海表层沉积物中的细粒组分进行电感耦合等离子体质谱法测试, 探讨南海稀土元素分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明, 南海表层沉积物中稀土元素分布主要与陆源物质输入、生物活动和火山物质补给密切相关.南海细粒组分的配分模式与中国黄土的接近, 与周边的珠江、湄公河等河流输入物质也有相似性, 而与南海碱性玄武岩存在显著差异, 表明南海沉积物主要来自于周边大陆.稀土元素趋势分析表明, 珠江口往外至海南岛南部海域中沉积物朝东南方向向陆坡输送; 台西南至珠江口往外海域沉积物大多向南输运; 吕宋岛西部海域包括黄岩岛附近海域的火山物质主要向西北方向输送, 向西可达113°E、向北可至20°N附近; 南海南部沉积物整体上向南沙海槽西北部附近海域输送.      

西藏普兰超镁铁岩体东部铬尖晶石矿物学特征及其地质意义

尖晶石是地幔橄榄岩中一种非常重要的矿物,虽然含量很低,却可以作为其寄主岩石——地幔橄榄岩——的成因指示剂.普兰岩体东部铬尖晶石分布广泛,几乎在所有岩石类型中都有出现.通过矿物学特征的研究,认为尖晶石可分为两类,一类较自形,颜色较深;另一类多呈不规则状和蠕虫状,颜色较浅.根据其化学特征,又可分为富铬型的尖晶石(Cr#＞60)和富铝型的尖晶石(Cr#＜60),富铬型尖晶石主要出现在纯橄岩、蛇纹岩和辉石岩中,富铝型尖晶石主要出现在二辉橄榄岩中.其中,方辉橄榄岩中的尖晶石形态、化学成分变化比较大,说明它经历了较为复杂的形成和变化过程.通过对尖晶石矿物学和化学特征的综合研究,认为该区尖晶石具有深海橄榄岩和上部俯冲板片(SSZ)构造环境橄榄岩特征,普兰岩体可能先后经历了MOR和SSZ两种构造环境.