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1.
Study of the flood control scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir in a catastrophic flood 下载免费PDF全文
The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest water conservancy project. According to the design standards for the 1,000‐year flood, flood diversion areas in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River must be utilized to ensure the safety of the Jingjiang area and the city of Wuhan. However, once these areas are used, the economic and life loss in these areas may be very great. Therefore, it is vital to reduce this loss by developing a scheme that reduces the use of the flood diversion areas through flood regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), under the premise of ensuring the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. For a 1,000‐year flood on the basis of a highly destructive flood in 1954, this paper evaluates scheduling schemes in which flood diversion areas are or are not used. The schemes are simulated based on 2.5‐m resolution reservoir topography and an optimized model of dynamic capacity flood regulation. The simulation results show the following. (a) In accord with the normal flood‐control regulation discharge, the maximum water level above the dam should be not more than 175 m, which ensures the safety of the dam and reservoir area. However, it is necessary to utilize the flood diversion areas within the Jingjiang area, and flood discharge can reach 2.81 billion m3. (b) In the case of relying on the TGR to impound floodwaters independently rather than using the flood diversion areas, the maximum water level above the dam reaches 177.35 m, which is less than the flood check level of 180.4 m to ensure the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. The average increase of the TGR water level in the Chongqing area is not more than 0.11 m, which indicates no significant effect on the upstream reservoir area. Comparing the various scheduling schemes, when the flood diversion areas are not used, it is believed that the TGR can execute safe flood control for a 1,000‐year flood, thereby greatly reducing flood damage. 相似文献
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The effect of ocean wave breaking as a non-Bragg mechanism on backscattering cross-section and modulation transfer functions (MTF) of radar was investigated based on Bragg resonance theory and parametric method. The result showed that the additional effect of wave breaking on backscattering cross-section is not more than 20% except for the small incident angle of VV polarized electromagnetic (e.m.) wave but is significant for HH polarized e.m. wave. Breaking waves lead to increase in the modulus of tilt modulation MTF and the larger the wind speed, the faster the increase. For large incident angle, the modulus of tilt modulation MTF with wave breaking decreases quickly with incident angle for HH polarization and approach to that without wave breaking for VV polarization. The hydrodynamic MTF increases 30%-60% when considering wave breaking and the increase is larger for HH polarization than for VV polarization. 相似文献
4.
The actual penetration depth of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragments into the Jovian atmosphere is still an open question. From fundamental equations of meteoric physics with variable cross-section, a new analytic model of energy release of the fragments is presented. In use of reasonable parameters, a series of results are calculated for different initial mass of the fragments. The results show that the largest fragment explodes above pressure levels of 3 bars and does not penetrate into the H2O cloud layer of the Jovian atmosphere, and that airburst of smaller fragments occur even above the upper cloud layer. 相似文献
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彭州市立体农业气候资源的研究(二)热量资源分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用彭州市境内市气象站,新兴,白果坪的日平均气温资料,进行热量资源分析。结果表明,彭州市7-8月为最热月,多年平均温度低于24.9℃,12-2月为最冷月,多年平均温度高于1.7℃。大多数年全年稳定通过0℃,可一年四季进行农业耕作,有利于作物越冬和多年生作物的种植,生长期长,积温丰富。界限温度的初,终日期及持续日数变化较大,积温际变化显著,热量资源随海拔高度增加而减少,各界限温度的初日推迟,终日提前,持续日数和积温减少,温度强度也降低,形成显著的立体农业气候。 相似文献
7.
彭州市立体农业气候资源的研究(一)降水资源分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了彭州市境内位于不同海拔高度的4个观测站的降水资料,结果表明,彭州市雨量充沛,但降水量的年际变化显著,雨季起、止时间和雨季长、短的年际变化很大,降水的时间分配极不均匀,因为这4个站具有相同的气候背景、,降水量的年、季、月变化呈现基本一致的规律和趋势,但因为海拔高度不同等气候背的差异,4站的降水特点又显著不同。降水量随海拔高度的升高而增加,降水变幅和雨日也阴海拔高度的升高而增加,大降水过程具有明显的局地性,不同海拔高度的旱、涝情况亦有差异,降水的空间分布表现出明显的立体性特征。 相似文献
8.
STUDY ON BEIJING''''S EMERGING MOBILE COMMUNICATION INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER AND ITS POLICY IMPLICATIONS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1INTRODUCTIONClusters,definedasgeographicallyproximategroupsofinterconnectedcompaniesandassociatedinstitutionsinparticularfields,linkedbycommonalitiesandcomple-mentarities(PORTER,2000),havearousedanintenseinterestofurbanandregionalplanningresearchersandpolicymakersoverthepastdecades.Itiswidelyrecog-nizedthatclusterscanpromoteproductivityandinno-vation,developlocalcompetitiveadvantages.Popular-izedbyMichaelPORTERinhisbook“TheCompetitiveAdvantageofNationsin1990,theclusterisnotanewcon… 相似文献
9.
ZHANG Jimin ) LIU Shuang ) SUN Xue ) YANG Guanpin ) ZHANG Xuecheng ) * GAO Zhenhui ) ) North China Sea Monitoring Center SOA Fushun Road Qingdao P..R.China) College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1)
1 Introduction Nannochloropsissp .areoneofpotentialsourcesofpolyunsaturatedfattyacids ,especiallytheeicosapen taentaenoicacid (EPA ,C2 0∶5 ) ,whichisimportantforbothanimalsandhumans . Thefattyacidcompositionofthisalgaisaffectedbyvariousenvironmentalfactors ,suchaslightintensity(Sukeniketal.,1989;Sukeniketal.,1990 ) ,imply ingthatafactorinfluencingthephotosyntheticprocessmayaffectcellularfattyacidsynthesisandtheirmetabolism .AselectionprogramofincreasingcellularEPAcontenthasbeencarriedo… 相似文献
10.
孙世春 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1995,(2)
Two nemerteans of the Zhoushan Islands, Paranemertes sinensis sp. nov. and P. peregrina, are reportedin this paper. P. sinensis sp. nov. has the body wall longitudinal musculature anteriorly divided,numerous eyes grouped into four clusters, two pairs of cephalic furrows, rhynchocoel 1/3 to 1/2 of fullbody length, cephalic glands well developed and posteriorly extending beyond the cerebral ganglia.precerebral septum absent, cerebral sense organs situated in front of brain, three pairs of nephridiopores,and 17-18 proboscis nerves. 相似文献