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1.
2.
Abyssal currents along the northern periphery of the Shikoku Basin south of Japan were measured by current meters moored off Cape Daio-zaki, Cape Shiono-misaki and Cape Ashizuri-misaki and on the eastern foot of the northernmost part of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. Total length of observation off Cape Shiono-misaki was about five years including the periods of the Kuroshio large meander and no meander. Analyses of current data show:
- Mean currents with a magnitude of 5–10 cm sec?1 were observed during the whole observation period at all of current meters which were set 400 m above the sea bottom that was deeper than 4,500 m. The mean current for each current meter was parallel to the local bottom contour arond each station and was toward a direction looking the Nankai Trough (a trough located along the northern end of the Shikoku Basin) to the left.
- At each station located above the shelf toe off Cape Daio-zaki and off Cape Shiono-misaki and on the foot of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, the mean current increases with depth (a bottomward intensification of the mean current), and the vertical extent of the mean current is estimated to be about 2,000 m above the sea bottom.
- At a station located at 2,600 m depth on the continental slope off Cape Shiono-misaki, no bottom-ward intensification of currents was observed.
3.
Masao Komazawa Hitoshi Morikawa Kajuro Nakamura Junpei Akamatsu Keiichi Nishimura Sumio Sawada Ayfer Erken Akin Onalp 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):829-836
The 1999 Kocaeli earthquake brought serious damage to downtown of Adapazari. To study why strong motions were generated at the town, a bedrock structure was investigated on the basis of Bouguer gravity anomaly, and SPAC and H/V analyses of microseisms. It was revealed that, the basin consists of three narrow depressions of bedrock with very steep edges, extending in E–W or NE–SW directions along the North Anatolia faults, and the depth to bedrock reaches 1000 m or more. Downtown of Adapazari is located 1–2 km apart from the basin-edge. It is considered that, the specific configuration of bedrock amplifies ground motions at the downtown area by focusing of seismic waves and/or interference between incident S-waves and surface-waves secondarily generated at the basin-edge. Studying 3D bedrock structure is an urgent issue for microzoning an urban area in a sedimentary basin. 相似文献
4.
We have examined the effects of the spinel-garnet phase transition on subsidence of extensional sedimentary basins. For a constant positive Clapeyron slope ( dP/dT ), the phase boundary moves downwards in the syn-rift and upwards in the post-rift phase. For a non-linear Clapeyron curve ( dP/dT > 0 above 900°C and dP/dT < 0 below 900°C), theory predicts for the reaction of the spinel-garnet phase transition, the direction of phase boundary movement is dependent on the stretching factor, the position of the Clapeyron curve and the lithospheric thickness. A smaller syn-rift and larger post-rift subsidence are predicted for a deeper phase boundary and a thicker lithosphere. The model with a non-linear Clapeyron curve is applied to the subsidence histories of a young extensional basin (Gulf of Lion) and an old continental margin (eastern Canada). The observed syn-rift uplift and the larger post-rift subsidence can be reasonably explained by this model, where the optimum depth of the phase boundary for eastern Canada (˜90 km) is consistent with the estimate from seismic observations and is larger than that for the Gulf of Lion (˜ 50 km). The depth of the spinel-garnet phase boundary is sensitive to the composition of mantle rocks and increases with the extraction of basaltic components from the lithosphere, compatible with our result that the phase boundary is deeper for an older and thicker lithosphere. Thus the surface movement associated with the rifting for these areas may reflect the chemical evolution of the continental lithosphere. 相似文献
5.
Haiqin Li Masao Kanamitsu Song-You Hong Kei Yoshimura Daniel R. Cayan Vasubandhu Misra Liqiang Sun 《Climatic change》2014,122(4):609-619
This study examines a future climate change scenario over California in a 10-km coupled regional downscaling system of the Regional Spectral Model for the atmosphere and the Regional Ocean Modeling System for the ocean forced by the global Community Climate System Model version 3.0 (CCSM3). In summer, the coupled and uncoupled downscaled experiments capture the warming trend of surface air temperature, consistent with the driving CCSM3 forcing. However, the surface warming change along the California coast is weaker in the coupled downscaled experiment than it is in the uncoupled downscaling. Atmospheric cooling due to upwelling along the coast commonly appears in both the present and future climates, but the effect of upwelling is not fully compensated for by the projected large-scale warming in the coupled downscaling experiment. The projected change of extreme warm events is quite different between the coupled and uncoupled downscaling experiments, with the former projecting a more moderate change. The projected future change in precipitation is not significantly different between coupled and uncoupled downscaling. Both the coupled and uncoupled downscaling integrations predict increased onshore sea breeze change in summer daytime and reduced offshore land breeze change in summer nighttime along the coast from the Bay area to Point Conception. Compared to the simulation of present climate, the coupled and uncoupled downscaling experiments predict 17.5 % and 27.5 % fewer Catalina eddy hours in future climate respectively. 相似文献
6.
2500年来艾比湖的环境演变信息 总被引:22,自引:9,他引:22
通过对艾比湖缘1,8m浅孔的沉积相和孢粉组合,结合14C测年资料分析。指出近2500年来艾比湖的沉积环境总体是比较稳定的,但由于气候波动引起艾比湖水位曾发生较明显的变化。约在公元前300~400年,是艾比湖面积缩小时期;约公元前300—公元300年,即东周末至西晋,是艾比湖水位较高时期;约公元300—1400年,即东晋至15世纪初,是艾比湖的高水位时期;约15世纪初至17世纪中是艾比湖的水位下降期,但水位比现代仍然高;约17世纪中至19世纪初的小冰期是艾比湖的水位上升期。研究还提供了历史时期湖泊的盐度变化和湖周发生大火的信息。 相似文献
7.
Brajesh Singh Santosh Kumar Masao Ban Kazuo Nakashima 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(7):1329-1352
Felsic magmatism in the southern part of Himachal Higher Himalaya is constituted by Neoproterozoic granite gneiss (GGn), Early Palaeozoic granitoids (EPG) and Tertiary tourmaline-bearing leucogranite (TLg). Magnetic susceptibility values (<3 ×10?3 SI), molar Al2 O 3/(CaO + Na2 O + K 2O) (≥1.1), mineral assemblage (bt–ms–pl–kf–qtz ± tur ± ap), and the presence of normative corundum relate these granitoids to peraluminous S-type, ilmenite series (reduced type) granites formed in a syncollisional tectonic setting. Plagioclase from GGn (An10–An31) and EPG (An15–An33) represents oligoclase to andesine and TLg (An2–An15) represents albite to oligoclase, whereas compositional ranges of K-feldspar are more-or-less similar (Or88 to Or95 in GGn, Or86 to Or97 in EPG and Or87 to Or94 in TLg). Biotites in GGn (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.34–0.45), EPG (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.27–0.47), and TLg (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.25–0.30) are ferribiotites enriched in siderophyllite, which stabilised between FMQ and HM buffers and are characterised by dominant 3Fe\(\rightleftharpoons \)2Al, 3Mg\(\rightleftharpoons \)2Al substitutions typical of peraluminous (S-type), reducing felsic melts. Muscovite in GGn (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.58–0.66), EPG (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.31?0.59), and TLg (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.29–0.42) represent celadonite and paragonite solid solutions, and the tourmaline from EPG and TLg belongs to the schorl-elbaite series, which are characteristics of peraluminous, Li-poor, biotite-tourmaline granites. Geochemical features reveal that the GGn and EPG precursor melts were most likely derived from melting of biotite-rich metapelite and metagraywacke sources, whereas TLg melt appears to have formed from biotite-muscovite rich metapelite and metagraywacke sources. Major and trace elements modelling suggest that the GGn, EPG and TLg parental melts have experienced low degrees (~13, ~17 and ~13%, respectively) of kf–pl–bt fractionation, respectively, subsequent to partial melting. The GGn and EPG melts are the results of a pre-Himalayan, syn-collisional Pan-African felsic magmatic event, whereas the TLg is a magmatic product of Himalayan collision tectonics. 相似文献
8.
Masahiko Fujii Fei Chai Lei Shi Hisayuki Y. Inoue Masao Ishii 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(5):689-701
The oceanic carbon cycle in the tropical-subtropical Pacific is strongly affected by various physical processes with different
temporal and spatial scales, yet the mechanisms that regulate air-sea CO2 flux are not fully understood due to the paucity of both measurement and modeling. Using a 3-D physical-biogeochemical model,
we simulate the partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2sea) and air-sea CO2 flux in the tropical and subtropical regions from 1990 to 2004. The model reproduces well the observed spatial differences
in physical and biogeochemical processes, such as: (1) relatively higher sea surface temperature (SST), and lower dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC) and pCO2sea in the western than in the central tropical-subtropical Pacific, and (2) predominantly seasonal and interannual variations
in the subtropical and tropical Pacific, respectively. Our model results suggest a non-negligible contribution of the wind
variability to that of the air-sea CO2 flux in the central tropical Pacific, but the modeled contribution of 7% is much less than that from a previous modeling
study (30%; McKinley et al., 2004). While DIC increases in the entire region SST increases in the subtropical and western tropical Pacific but decreases
in the central tropical Pacific from 1990 to 2004. As a result, the interannual pCO2sea variability is different in different regions. The pCO2sea temporal variation is found to be primarily controlled by SST and DIC, although the role of salinity and total alkalinity,
both of which also control pCO2sea, need to be elucidated by long-term observations and eddy-permitting models for better estimation of the interannual variability
of air-sea CO2 flux. 相似文献
9.
Sector trilling of cordierite in hornfels in the inner part of a contact aureole at Daimonji, Japan is a new type which consists not only of six (100) sectors (a-sectors) forming trilling, but also of (001) sectors (c-sectors) and high-index sectors (h-sectors). Complex twins within and among these sectors were studied from a viewpoint of a pseudo twin. The complex texture originated from both growth and transformation processes. The c-sector consists of three groups of domains which are related by a pseudo twin. This intrasector pseudo twin indicates that the initial phase of the c-sector was hexagonal cordierite (indialite) which later transformed to orthorhombic. The a-sector is related to adjacent sectors by a rotation of 120° around the c axis, resulting in an intersector pseudo twin. The a-sector is interpreted to have formed by overgrowth of orthorhombic cordierite on prism faces of indialite. The h-sector with the dendritic texture is also interpreted to have grown as orthorhombic cordierite. In hornfels in the middle part of the aureole, cordierites with sector trilling often coexist with single crystals of cordierite, and the sector trilling has no c- and h-sectors. This trilling type suggests that nucleation of indialite was subsequently followed by growth of orthorhombic cordierite in its stable field. 相似文献
10.
Concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, Mo, Hg, Cd, Cr, Ag, Pb, Sr and V were determined in skins of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) of the Pacific coast truei-type population (PT population) (N=45), and the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk dalli-type population (JD population) (N=31) from the northern waters of Japan. Cutaneous Hg concentrations in both PT and JD populations were significantly correlated with age, indicating a possible alternative method of age estimation. A significant correlation was also noted between Hg concentrations in skin and liver, suggesting that biopsy samples of skin can provide a non-lethal surrogate for monitoring Hg contamination in this species. Trace element accumulation patterns differed strongly between PT and JD populations, when analyzed by principal component analysis, suggesting these patterns could be utilized as non-lethal tracers of population identification. 相似文献