人工合成烃类流体包裹体测温数据对石油地质的指示

石油地质中,通常使用流体包裹体的数据来恢复油气捕获时候的温度与压力。为了探讨这些温度和压力真实地质意义,我们通过设定的温度和压力人工合成烃类包裹体,并通过测量烃类包裹体和同期捕获的水包裹体的均一温度,来解释地质中的现象。     

藏东南地区早白垩世的安第斯型弧火

首次在藏东南发现一套早白垩世的陆相火山岩, 称雅则火山岩, 全岩 Ｒｂ Ｓｒ 等时线年龄１０７４ Ｍａ。其主体是高钾的安山岩系, 以强亏损高场强元素、富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土、 Ｌａ／ Ｎｂ 比值 ＞ ２ 为特征, 属活动大陆边缘火山岩; 微量元素等指示它产出在安第斯型陆缘环境。其南延即滇西南的腾冲 铁窑山 大松坡消减型花岗岩带 （１００～１１２ Ｍａ）, 反映新特提斯洋在早白垩世有过一次重要的消减过程;晚白垩世的花岗岩具不同的岩石组合和成矿特征,记录了消减后的陆 弧碰撞事件。     

固定式海洋平台结构风险设计方法综述

海洋平台的结构设计中主要考虑海洋环境和工作荷载作用,但近年来事故荷载的影响日益引起设计者关注。在此背景下,以固定式导管架平台结构为目标,综述当前针对事故荷载的风险设计方法的应用现状。首先论述在事故极限状态设计中应用风险分析的必要性;随后综述通用规范,如NORSOK、DNV、API等规范系列中对风险分析方法的使用现状,包括风险决策的不同层次、安全标准的各类形式,重在分析各类规范相关规定的异同,探讨各类方法的适用性;最后结合我国现状,论述若针对事故荷载编制基于风险方法的设计规范,目前尚存的问题,以及解决途径。     

An analysis of the radar backscatter from oil-covered sea surfaces using moment method and Monte-Carlo simulation: preliminary results

An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a microwave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea surface is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments (MoM), and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an oil-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei (Hebei province, China) Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different incidence angles on the backscattering coefficients.     

“Digital earth” in support of an online oceanic educational public service and popularization

According to the initial vision of "digital earth" (DE), the public should constitute a significant proportion of its users. However, to date, most of the studies and applications have focused on science, the private sector and government. A DE-supported online oceanic educational public service and popularization system, iOcean, is studied. First, the vision for the public’s engagement with "digital ocean" is described: an analysis is presented from four aspects, i.e., the space dimension, the time dimension, the state dimension and its relationship with human beings. Second, the technical framework of iOcean is discussed, including data updating and model computing, the data, the function, and the application layers. Third, two key technologies are studied in detail that will enable the construction of iOcean. More than half a million public viewers have used the current version’s website. Practical demonstrations show that iOcean can bring virtual oceans to web browsers and desktops and construct a bridge between government departments and the general public.     

浅层地下水补给对人类活动影响的响应特征研究

本文通过数据整理分析,查明滹沱河流域平原区1976-2005年以开采量、灌区引水量和河道过水量为代表的人类活动逐渐增强,分析了浅层地下水补给在大气降水减少和人类活动逐渐增强背景下大幅减少的响应特征:综合补给量所占比率由1976-1980年的21.6%下降到2000-2005年的11.3%.随后,从开采量、河道过水最和灌区引水量三个方面分析了浅层地下水补给响应人类活动的变化特征:地下水补给量与开采量呈y=65.412x-0.2576模式随降水量增减而负相关变化;河道渗漏补给量和渠水入渗量在地下水位不同埋深条件下表现出随来水量、引水量增加而增大的态势,但在不同埋深条件下,河道渗漏补给量与来水量之间、渠水入渗量和引水量之间关系不同.     

GS-1型滑坡光纤多参数监测系统的研究

开发一种自动化地质灾害滑坡光纤多参数监测系统,采用基于光纤光栅的反射中心波长随光纤光栅所受的应变或温度的改变产生移动,其波长移动量的多少直接反映应变或温度变化大小的工作原理。利用光纤光栅封装结构的变化,实现应变、应力、压力、温度、位移、振动等多种参量的测试;对多个光纤光栅的中心波长进行排布上的设计,则实现多点的准分布式测量,推动地质灾害监测技术的进步。     

砷、汞、锑、金矿床铊的赋存状态、成矿模式与找矿标志

研究表明,在砷、汞、锑、金矿床中普遍含有较高的铊,并发现富铊雄黄矿和铊单矿物。铊亲硫和亲石地球化学性质决定铊赋存形式。在岩矿石中铊主要呈单矿物,分散状态铊占次要地位。根据富铊雄黄矿床成矿特点,铊赋存状态,岩矿石中铊含量及其与砷、汞、锑、金相关关系,尝试性提出成矿模式和找矿标志。岩矿石中铊含量>10×10~(-6),5×10~(-6)—10×10~(-6),1×10~(-6)—5×10~(-6),分别为矿床、矿田和矿带的找矿标志。     

旋挖钻机在特殊工况中的减压钻进研究

为解决旋挖钻机在脆性岩层或者软硬交替地层等特殊工况中加压钻进出现的钻机高频高幅振动和钻孔极易倾斜等问题,对旋挖钻机入岩的碎岩机理进行分析,找出加压钻进产生问题的原因。对减压钻进施工工艺进行研究,提出实现方式及适用范围,并进行实际工程应用,验证了旋挖钻机使用减压钻进施工的可行性。应用结果表明,特殊工况下减压钻进对降低设备的入岩振动、提高设备的结构稳定性以及保证成孔质量都具有重要作用。     

土屋-延东斑岩型铜(钼)矿床多源信息找矿模型

为提高东天山铜镍成矿带内的矿产勘查效益，文章综合了区域成矿环境、矿床特征、地球物理场、地球化学场等成矿信息，尝试建立了土屋—延东斑岩型铜钼矿床的多源信息找矿模型。认为成矿带内铜矿资源远景良好，必将成为我国又一个铜矿资源潜力区。