长江口外海域1998年夏季悬沙浓度特征

１９９８年６－８月长江流域经历了一次特大洪水,在洪水期间,以１０ｍｇＬ＾－１的悬沙浓度为标志,长江悬沙的影响范围可达１２３°Ｅ,在１２２°１５Ｅ附近,悬沙浓度显示出成层现象,底层浓度约为表层浓度的３倍,这一现象主要与物质沉积过程有关。在１２６°Ｅ－１２７°Ｗ之间悬沙浓度最低,代表黑潮水的特征。在调查期间,长江悬沙擅长 用的范围比冬季枯水季节有相当程度的扩大,但向ＮＥ方向扩散的趋势并不是明显。在陆架     

海湾扇贝对海水池塘浮游生物和水质的影响

滤食性贝类可从天然水体和养殖水体中滤取大量的浮游物,并将滤食的物质以组织生长、粪便、排泄物等形式重新分配,进而对水质状况产生直接或间接的影响。已有的报道表明,滤食性贝类较多的湖区、海区浮游植物的数量、叶绿素a含量明显减少[1,2],浮游物颗粒规格的结构也会发生变化[3],水柱中小型浮游动物、细菌及水体的水流速度等也会受到一定的影响[4,5]。     

半封闭海湾固有振动周期的数值计算

用二维数值模式,根据芝罘湾的实测水深和形状,计算了该湾的固有振动周期,与实测资料吻合较好。计算结果同时给出了当节点N=1,2,...,6时,湾内的振幅分布（合波长、波节线分布）,以及纵振动和横振动分布情况。     

海岸侵蚀灾害管理中的几项基础工作

讨论了作为海岸带管理工作中一项重要管理内容──海岸侵蚀灾害管理中的几项基础性工作,主要讨论了灾害评估的意义;海岸侵蚀灾害管理基础图件和专业图件的名称及主要内容;建立海岸侵蚀灾害信息系统的意义和主要内容;关于海岸侵蚀灾害管理法的意义和急迫性;提出了建立禁建区和禁采区的意义和紧迫性,并指出在海岸带开发建设中要统一管理,全面规划,注意到海岸带生态环境的特殊性。总之在海岸侵蚀灾害管理中,首先要做好基础工作,在此基础上做好法制建设和依法管理。     

南沙群岛电子地图及其多媒体模式研究

近十年来随着高新技术发展应运而生的电子地图,具有信息丰富、直观易读、更新方便、使用灵活等优点。本文对南沙群岛中多国领土之争的大片航行危险区与他国非法侵占地、且自然条件复杂与调研程度不断深入的地区,进行了制作电子地图的科学依据和实际意义的论述。同时指出电子地图多媒体在该海域应用的前景与作用。     

Remote sensing composite information's trend surface analysis of Nansha Islands coral islets and reefs'top

INTRODUCTIONIntheseaareaofNanshaIslands,therearemanyshoalpatchandrapids.Themajorareaisclassifiedas"dangerouszone".Thereforeitisverydifficulttomakeanormalinvestigationonit.Consideringtheremotesensinginformationfeaturesreflectedbythecontrolfunctionoflocalgeographicstructureandthegrowthofcoralisletsandreefs,wefindthatthemostimportantfeatureofthegeographicsystemofNanshaIslandsisthatitsdistributionisregional.Thetrendsurfaceanalysissystembasedontheremotesensingcompositeinformationistoemulatet…     

Characteristics of metals in atmosphere over the western Taiwan Strait-Ⅰ. Concentrations and distributions

INTRODUCTIONTheattentiontothestudyofmetalsinthemarineaerosolparticulatesisincreasingduetotheirenvironmentalecologicaleffectsandcontributiontothebiogeochemicalcycle.Intheaspectofenvironmentalecologicaleffects,first,onthesideofclimate,aerosolswithmetalscanactascloudcondensationoricenuclei,absorbandscattersolarradiation,andaffecttheradiationbudgetontheearth.Therelativelyhighironcontent(5%)ofthedustcanabsorbtheshortwavelengthradiationefficiently.Second,onthesideofecologicaleffects,di~lvedAlse…     

The importance of extratropical and tropical cyclones on the short-term evolution of barrier islands along the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA

Data are presented indicating the complexity and highly variable response of beaches to cold front passages along the northern Gulf of Mexico, in addition to the impacts of tropical cyclones and winter storms. Within the past decade, an increase in the frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes impacting the northern Gulf has dramatically altered the long-term equilibrium of a large portion of this coast. A time series of net sediment flux for subaerial and nearshore environments has been established for a section of this coast in Florida, and to a lesser extent, Mississippi. The data incorporate the morphological signature of six tropical storms/hurricanes and more than 200 frontal passages.

Data indicate that (1) barrier islands can conserve mass during catastrophic hurricanes (e.g., Hurricane Opal, a strong category 4 hurricane near landfall); (2) less severe hurricanes and tropical storms can promote rapid dune aggradation and can contribute sediment to the entire barrier system; (3) cold fronts play a critical role in the poststorm adjustment of the barrier by deflating the subaerial portion of the overwash terrace and eroding its marginal lobe along the bayside beach through locally generated, high frequency, steep waves; and (4) barrier systems along the northern Gulf do not necessarily enter an immediate poststorm recovery phase, although nested in sediment-rich nearshore environments. While high wave energy conditions associated with cold fronts play an integral role in the evolution and maintenance of barriers along the northern Gulf, these events are more effective in reworking sediment after the occurrence of extreme events such as hurricanes. This relationship is even more apparent during the clustering of tropical cyclones.

It is anticipated that these findings will have important implications for the longer term evolution of barrier systems in midlatitude, microtidal settings where the clustering of storms is apparent, and winter storms are significant in intensity and frequency along the coast.     

Methane-dominated thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: towards prediction of fatal H2S concentrations

New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H₂S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H₂S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H₂S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H₂S concentrations and the isotopes, δ³⁴S and δ¹³C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ³⁴S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H₂S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H₂S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ³⁴S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ³⁴S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H₂S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ¹³C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ¹³C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H₂S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C.     

紧密角管藻生活史中三类细胞的形态结构

通过光学和扫描电子显微镜观察紧密角管藻（Cerataulina compac-ta）的细胞、休眠孢子和复大孢子壳壁的形态结构。结果表明,该藻生活史出现的在类细胞,它们的形态结构特征有明显判别。其中,休眠孢子还分有无性和有性形成的两种类型,它们的形态结构有相似之处,也有区别,且具多样性。以上三类细胞的形态结构特征显示各自的形态与其生理功能和生态适应相统一。