井间资料约束下地震波阻抗反演方法研究

采用多井约束的随机逆反演方法,结合井间地震反射成像与测井资料,首先对反射成像后的井间地震数据进行测井约束的波阻抗反演,进而从反演剖面中抽取一定量的反演道作为虚拟井数据,结合测井数据对地面地震数据进行井地联合反演。理论数据和实际数据的试算表明,井地联合反演可以为地面地震测井约束反演提供更多的约束条件,从而提高了地面地震反演的精度。     

Error distribution modelling of satellite soil moisture measurements for hydrological applications

Satellite‐based soil moisture data accuracies are of important concerns by hydrologists because they could significantly influence hydrological modelling uncertainty. Without proper quantification of their uncertainties, it is difficult to optimize the hydrological modelling system and make robust decisions. Currently, the satellite soil moisture data uncertainty has been limited to summary statistics with the validations mainly from the in situ measurements. This study attempts to build the first error distribution model with additional higher‐order uncertainty modelling for satellite soil moisture observations. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study using the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite soil moisture observations. The validation is based on soil moisture estimates from hydrological modelling, which is more relevant to the intended data use than the in situ measurements. Four probability distributions have been explored to find suitable error distribution curves using the statistical tests and bootstrapping resampling technique. General extreme value is identified as the most suitable one among all the curves. The error distribution model is still in its infant stage, which ignores spatial and temporal correlations, and nonstationarity. Further improvements should be carried out by the hydrological community by expanding the methodology to a wide range of satellite soil moisture data using different hydrological models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

榆林市植被覆盖度动态变化监测

植被覆盖度是用来评价生态环境状况的重要指标,在进行沙漠化治理的同时,对植被覆盖度进行动态的变化检测可以帮助我们了解到沙漠化治理的成效.以榆林市毛乌素沙漠为研究对象,在像元二分模型的基础上利用归一化植被指数(Normalized Differential Vegetation Index,NDVI)估算毛乌素沙漠2015、2017及2020年的植被覆盖度,并计算植被覆盖面积;分析整理数据,总结植被覆盖度变化趋势,结果显示,2015—2020年,榆林市毛乌素沙漠的植被覆盖度呈上升趋势,植被覆盖面积有所增加.     

三峡库区湿地监测指标体系构建

三峡库区湿地是巨大的人工湿地,库区形成长江两岸长达数百千米与天然湿地季节相反的消落带湿地。为确保三峡水库的安全运营和库区生态安全,需要建立一套三峡库区湿地监测指标。依据三峡库区湿地的特殊性,探索构建一套包括水文、水质、气象、土壤、碳汇等监测内容的湿地监测指标体系,指标体系的建立对三峡库区湿地生态系统监测和保护具有一定的现实意义。     

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Study on virtual source method under complex overburden in horizontal well

In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper under- ground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately estab- lished． The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes． In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well, and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distor- tion effects of the complex overburden． Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migra- tion,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified．     

北京市城市地理编码及可行性应用分析

对北京市城市地理编码的编码方法和系统建设进行阐述,并举例说明北京市城市地理编码在土地资源和建设用地综合决策平台中的应用,最后对地理编码在其他行业的推广应用进行分析与展望.     

化学蒸气发生-无色散原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中微量和痕量金

试样用王水分解,采用特定的金化学发生增敏试剂使金在硼氢化物-酸体系中产生挥发物质,将其导入原子荧光光谱检测系统,检测金的原子荧光信号。通过对仪器工作参数和化学蒸气发生参数的优化,使金的可检测信号同比提高20倍以上,同时降低共存离子对金的化学蒸气发生的干扰。对微量和痕量金的测定方法具有灵敏度高、检出限低、基体干扰少等优点。方法检出限为0.23 ng/g,准确度(ΔlgC,n=12)为-0.004~0.02,精密度(RSD,n=12)为2.62%~8.79%。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值相符。     

冲绳海槽中部距今近70ka以来的孢粉记录及物源探讨

研究钻孔DGKS-9602位于冲绳海槽中部,岩芯长度为931 cm,钻孔年代覆盖了氧同位素1～4阶段,年代可追溯至距今73 ka.孢粉分析结果证明,孢粉带与氧同位素阶段有较好的对应关系,其中松属花粉与蒿属花粉比值(P/A)与海平面变化曲线相互吻合.应用非相似性类比法将钻孔孢粉样品与陆地表土孢粉样品进行欧氏距离计算,从而...     

香港西贡壕涌新石器以来的环境演变及人类活动

香港壕涌遗址西区发现了中晚期新石器遗存,本中通过对该遗址剖面的沉积特征、孢粉和植硅体分析,重建了该遗址的堆积过程,其沉积序列表现为滨河床浅滩一河口海湾泻湖一河漫滩沼泽一农耕地等变化过程.出土石器、孢粉和植硅体均揭示新石器晚期约4200-3500aBP人类仍以渔猎经济为主,尚无明显稻作等农业活动迹象;一直到唐宋时期孢粉揭示出稻作农业的痕迹,农耕活动逐步加强,但在唐宋时期该遗址点并非原位稻田区,遗址点原地成为稻田耕地在明清时期才开始,并一直延续到本世纪60年代.孢粉组分还显示从唐宋以来人类农业活动的扩大造成天然常绿阔叶林植被的严重破坏,孢粉谱中表现为阔叶类逐渐减少以及次生植被如芒箕等明显增多的过程.