变水深对畸形波及其时频能量谱的影响

使用VOF (volume of fluid)方法实现了变化水深条件下畸形波的数值模拟,使用小波分析方法计算模拟结果的时频能量谱,发现变化水深可以加强波浪的非线性相互作用,使转化到高频端的能量更多,产生了不对称程度更大的畸形波.     

香港西贡壕涌新石器以来的环境演变及人类活动

香港壕涌遗址西区发现了中晚期新石器遗存,本中通过对该遗址剖面的沉积特征、孢粉和植硅体分析,重建了该遗址的堆积过程,其沉积序列表现为滨河床浅滩一河口海湾泻湖一河漫滩沼泽一农耕地等变化过程.出土石器、孢粉和植硅体均揭示新石器晚期约4200-3500aBP人类仍以渔猎经济为主,尚无明显稻作等农业活动迹象;一直到唐宋时期孢粉揭示出稻作农业的痕迹,农耕活动逐步加强,但在唐宋时期该遗址点并非原位稻田区,遗址点原地成为稻田耕地在明清时期才开始,并一直延续到本世纪60年代.孢粉组分还显示从唐宋以来人类农业活动的扩大造成天然常绿阔叶林植被的严重破坏,孢粉谱中表现为阔叶类逐渐减少以及次生植被如芒箕等明显增多的过程.     

Characteristics of urban heat island effect in Lhasa City

This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS/MODIS) information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show: (1) Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. (2) The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. (3) A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. (4) The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively correlated with winter evaporation. (5) UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere.     

基于BP神经网络的企业效绩综合评价方法

为了建立企业效绩综合评价模型,在由基本的财务指标构成的财务分析体系基础上,将BP神经网络应用于效绩综合评价中.以企业历史数据作为BP神经网络的训练样本,用训练好的BP网络评价企业当期各方面的效绩.试验结果表明将BP网络应用于企业评价中,能达到令人满意的评价效果.     

可持续发展评价模型及应用实例

在分析可持续发展指标特征基础上，提出按持续、协调、结构和集聚四类建立可持续发展分类单项指标指数公式和综合指数公式，并用遗传算法对公式中参数进行优化，建立了可持续发展的综合指数评价模型。该模型应用于乌鲁木齐市的可持续发展评价结果与实况分析结果基本一致，该模型有简单、实用的特点。     

浅析电子商务与四川农业物流

立足于发展现代农业的大前提,结合四川的实际情况将四川的农业物流与电子商务相结合,着重分析了四川农业的现状及四川农业现代化的发展条件,指出了其存在的问题,通过总结各省市的先进实践经验,得到了相应的解决办法.对发展与四川经济发展水平相适应的现代农业,解决目前农村经济发展滞后问题,有一定的参考意义.     

Chemical characterization and sources of PM2.5 at 12-h resolution in Guiyang,China

The increasing emission of primary and gaseous precursors of secondarily formed atmospheric particulate matter due to continuing industrial development and urbanization are leading to an increased public awareness of environmental issues and human health risks in China. As part of a pilot study, 12-h integrated fine fraction particulate matter (PM_2.5) filter samples were collected to chemically characterize and investigate the sources of ambient particulate matter in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Results showed that the 12-h integrated PM_2.5 concentrations exhibited a daytime average of 51 ± 22 µg m^?3 (mean ± standard deviation) with a range of 17–128 µg m^?3 and a nighttime average of 55 ± 32 µg m^?3 with a range of 4–186 µg m^?3. The 24-h integrated PM_2.5 concentrations varied from 15 to 157 µg m^?3, with a mean value of 53 ± 25 µg m^?3, which exceeded the 24-h PM_2.5 standard of 35 µg m^?3 set by USEPA, but was below the standard of 75 µg m^?3, set by China Ministry of Environmental Protection. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was applied to determine PM_2.5 chemical element concentrations. The order of concentrations of heavy metals in PM_2.5 were iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > manganese (Mn) > lead (Pb) > arsenic (As) > chromium (Cr). The total concentration of 18 chemical elements was 13 ± 2 µg m^?3, accounting for 25% in PM_2.5, which is comparable to other major cities in China, but much higher than cities outside of China.     

Development law of air leakage fractures in shallow coal seams: a case study in the Shendong Coalfield of China

Continuous air leakage from ground mining-induced cracks is a significant cause of coal spontaneous combustion, low oxygen at the working face and other disasters in shallow coal seams. This paper studies mining-induced cracks and air leakage caused by the repeated mining of shallow coal seams at the Bulianta coal mine, Shendong Coalfield, China. A similar simulation experiment was carried out in the laboratory, and then the ground mining-induced cracks were observed and the crack air leakage was detected. The results showed that the surface air flowed into the composite goaf before the fractures redeveloped to the surface during the process of lower coal seam mining. Due to the different development processes of vertical fractures in various regions, the width of the vertical fractures in the boundary area of the overlying goaf increases significantly after the repeated mining of coal seams, while the vertical fractures in the central area of the overlying goaf experience almost no change. The distribution of the surface air leakage cracks is in the shape of “回”. Graben-type cracks and half-graben-type cracks are surface air leakage cracks, which are the focus of surface air leakage problems, especially the half-graben-type cracks. The results are important in engineering for reducing air leakage from surface mining-induced cracks.     

北祁连走廊南山西水地区加里东期大野口埃达克质闪长玢岩的成因及其地质意义

北祁连走廊南山北坡西水地区的加里东期大野口岩体中闪长玢岩地球化学的研究表明,该套岩石的SiO_256%,Al_2O_315%,Na_2OK_2O,富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,具正Eu异常,富集Sr元素、亏损重稀土元素Yb和Y,具有较高的Sr/Y值,表现出明显的埃达克岩的地球化学性质。结合岩体产出的时空位置,认为大野口岩体形成于奥陶纪与板块俯冲作用相关的俯冲洋壳部分熔融和壳幔岩浆混合作用。