云南羊拉铜矿床成矿流体特征及成矿过程

云南羊拉铜矿床位于金沙江构造带中部,是中-晚三叠世金沙江洋盆向西俯冲闭合碰撞造山过程中形成的一个大型铜矿床。矿体多呈层状、似层状顺层产出,但明显受层间破碎带和滑脱带控制。从流体包裹体研究入手,讨论了该矿床成矿流体的特征、演化以及流体不混溶(沸腾)作用与成矿的关系。流体包裹体研究表明,干夕卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、湿夕卡岩磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)以及方解石硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)中发育多种类型的包裹体,主要为气液水两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,纯液相水包裹体次之,少见纯气相有机质包裹体。其中,含子矿物多相包裹体发育于Ⅰ阶段石榴石、Ⅱ阶段绿帘石,尤其是Ⅲ阶段石英中。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段成矿流体具有高温、高盐度特征,均一温度分别为413~593 ℃和336~498 ℃,盐度分别为19.1%~49.7% NaCleq和15.7%~53.3% NaCleq;Ⅲ阶段成矿流体均一温度为148~398 ℃,并具有低盐度(2.1%~9.6% NaCleq)与高盐度(35.5%~65.3% NaCleq)共存的特征;Ⅳ阶段成矿流体具有低温(132~179 ℃)、低盐度(3.4%~10.4% NaCleq)特征。根据流体包裹体的微观特征并结合矿区的宏观地质特征,认为流体不混溶(沸腾)是导致本矿区金属沉淀成矿的主要机制。     

谈市场条件下隧洞工程的经营管理工作

论述了在市场条件下从事隧洞工程经营工作中的信息网络建立，项目的论证与投标以及内部招标的有关问题，旨在探讨市场条件下如何提高隧洞工程的经营工作水平。     

High-Frequency Rayleigh-Wave Method

High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannei recording sys-tem have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave tech-niques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a nou-iuvasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (Q), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or Q) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.     

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,出露良好,是研究上扬子地区海相地层的理想剖面之一。根据地层划分与对比,将其分为下三叠统夜郎组、茅草铺组和中三叠统关岭组。该剖面以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩为主,其中碳酸盐岩占67％,在夜郞组、茅草铺组和关岭组均有分布;碎屑岩占24％,主要分布于夜郎组。研究表明,松坎剖面中、下三叠统是一套多旋回沉积,其中夜郎组包括2个海进海退旋回,属于潮坪、开阔台地和浅滩沉积环境;茅草铺组包括3个海进海退旋回,属于开阔台地和局限台地沉积环境;关岭组总体上为海退沉积,属于局限台地和潮坪沉积环境。在沉积环境分析的基础上,建立了松坎剖面中、下三叠统的沉积模式,即潮坪-局限台地-浅滩-开阔台地沉积模式。     

Yanshanian Magma-Tectonic-Metallogenic Belt in East China of Circum-Pacific Domain (Ⅰ):Igneous Rocks and Orogenic Processes

Ｙａｎｓｈａｎｉａｎｍａｇｍａ－ｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃ－ｍｅｔａｌｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｏｆｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｒｃｕｍ－Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃｄｏｍａｉｎ．Ａｌｏｔｏｆｐａｐｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓ...     

广西贵县某地红粘土成因的探讨

<正> 红粘土一词在我国已沿用很久,但对其成因争议很大,就广西红粘土的成因而言,主要有两种认识,一种认为是冲积或冲—洪积;另一种则认为是残积或残—坡积。 贵县某地红粘土具有一定的胀缩性,建于其上的房屋普遍受到不同程度的损坏。不少从事膨胀土研究的同志常来此地研究,对该处红粘土的成因提出了种种看法。笔者先后在这里做了一些工作,现谈谈一孔之见,不妥之处请指正。      

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系珠江组K22陆架砂脊沉积成因分析*

通过分析珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系珠江组NE—SW向平行于古岸线展布的K22条带状砂体外部地震反射特征、内部反射结构及平面展布规律,并运用层序地层学方法和理论,结合海平面变化特点,对K22条带状砂脊沉积成因进行了研究。结果显示:K22条带状砂脊为发育在陆架区古构造高带、受控于强制性海退过程的再沉积产物,其物源来自于早期的三角洲,沉积水动力条件多样,主要为海退过程中的潮汐流和波浪作用;同时,沿岸流也对砂脊形态的形成起到了关键作用,这些砂脊后期得益于快速的海侵而保留下来。留存下来的沙脊沉积被包裹在海相泥岩背景中,可形成良好的岩性圈闭。     

Ablation Characteristic of Ilmenite using UV Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers: Implications for Non‐Matrix‐Matched Quantification

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) is a common accessory mineral and has been used as a powerful petrogenetic indicator in many geological settings. Elemental fractionation and matrix effects in ilmenite (CRN63E‐K) and silicate glass (NIST SRM 610) were investigated using 193 nm ArF excimer nanosecond (ns) laser and 257 nm femtosecond (fs) laser ablation systems coupled to an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. The concentration‐normalised ⁵⁷Fe and ⁴⁹Ti responses in ilmenite were higher than those in NIST SRM 610 by a factor of 1.8 using fs‐LA. Compared with the 193 nm excimer laser, smaller elemental fractionation was observed using the 257 nm fs laser. When using 193 nm excimer laser ablation, the selected range of the laser energy density had a significant effect on the elemental fractionation in ilmenite. Scanning electron microscopy images of ablation craters and the morphologies of the deposited aerosol materials showed more melting effects and an enlarged particle deposition area around the ablation site of the ns‐LA‐generated crater when compared with those using fs‐LA. The ejected material around the ns crater predominantly consisted of large droplets of resolidified molten material; however, the ejected material around the fs crater consisted of agglomerates of fine particles with ‘rough' shapes. These observations are a result of the different ablation mechanisms for ns‐ and fs‐LAs. Non‐matrix‐matched calibration was applied for the analysis of ilmenite samples using NIST SRM 610 as a reference material for both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS. Similar analytical results for most elements in ilmenite samples were obtained using both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS at a high laser energy density of 12.7 J cm^?2 and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS.     

辽北－吉南地区太古宙花岗岩－绿岩带地质地球化学

辽北－吉南地区是我国典型太古宙花岗岩－绿岩带出露区之一。根据其地质地球化学特征，本区绿岩带可划分为清原型和夹皮沟型，其形成的古构造环境分别为与现代岛弧的大陆边缘活动带和弧后盆地或大陆边缘裂谷相类似的裂谷型构造环境。与绿岩带有关的花岗质岩石可划分为三类：即片麻状花岗质杂岩体、花岗闪长岩和英云闪长岩底辟岩基以及钾质花岗岩。花岗岩－绿岩带的形成时代为２．５－２．９Ｇａ。