Study on Sampling Rule and Simplification of LiDAR Point Cloud Based on Terrain Complexity

It is difficult to obtain digital elevation model (DEM) in the mountainous regions. As an emerging technology, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an enabling technology. However, the amount of points obtained by LiDAR is huge. When processing LiDAR point cloud, huge data will lead to a rapid decline in data processing speed, so it is necessary to thin LiDAR point cloud. In this paper, a new terrain sampling rule had been built based on the integrated terrain complexity, and then based on the rule a LiDAR point cloud simplification method, which was referred as to TCthin, had been proposed. The TCthin method was evaluated by experiments in which XUthin and Lasthin were selected as the TCthin’s comparative methods. The TCthin’s simplification degree was estimated by the simplification rate value, and the TCthin’s simplification quality was evaluated by Root Mean Square Deviation. The experimental results show that the TCthin method can thin LiDAR point cloud effectively and improve the simplification quality, and at 5 m, 10 m, 30 m scale levels, the TCthin method has a good applicability in the areas with different terrain complexity. This study has theoretical and practical value in sampling theory, thinning LiDAR point cloud, building high-precision DEM and so on.     

Initial results of centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation BDS satellites with inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous orbit determination is the ability of navigation satellites to estimate the orbit parameters on-board using inter-satellite link (ISL) measurements. This study mainly focuses on data processing of the ISL measurements as a new measurement type and its application on the centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation Beidou navigation satellite system satellites for the first time. The ISL measurements are dual one-way measurements that follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure. The ranging error of the ISL measurements is less than 0.25 ns. This paper proposes a derivation approach to the satellite clock offsets and the geometric distances from TDMA dual one-way measurements without a loss of accuracy. The derived clock offsets are used for time synchronization, and the derived geometry distances are used for autonomous orbit determination. The clock offsets from the ISL measurements are consistent with the L-band two-way satellite, and time–frequency transfer clock measurements and the detrended residuals vary within 0.5 ns. The centralized autonomous orbit determination is conducted in a batch mode on a ground-capable server for the feasibility study. Constant hardware delays are present in the geometric distances and become the largest source of error in the autonomous orbit determination. Therefore, the hardware delays are estimated simultaneously with the satellite orbits. To avoid uncertainties in the constellation orientation, a ground anchor station that “observes” the satellites with on-board ISL payloads is introduced into the orbit determination. The root-mean-square values of orbit determination residuals are within 10.0 cm, and the standard deviation of the estimated ISL hardware delays is within 0.2 ns. The accuracy of the autonomous orbits is evaluated by analysis of overlap comparison and the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals and is compared with the accuracy of the L-band orbits. The results indicate that the radial overlap differences between the autonomous orbits are less than 15.0 cm for the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites and less than 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites. The SLR residuals are approximately 15.0 cm for the IGSO satellites and approximately 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites, representing an improvement over the L-band orbits.     

SAR影像与光学影像的高斯伽玛型边缘强度特征匹配法

提出了一种基于影像边缘强度图描述的SAR影像与光学影像匹配方法。首先对影像进行粗纠正,消除影像之间的尺度和旋转变化;其次,改进相位一致性特征检测方法,提取对影像相干斑噪声稳健的特征点;然后基于高斯伽玛型双边窗口比值算子计算影像边缘强度图,在此基础上构造不变特征描述符;最后联合几何约束条件,实现SAR影像与光学影像匹配。试验结果证明,与现有方法相比,本文方法能够大幅提高SAR影像与光学影像匹配结果中的正确匹配特征数量以及影像配准精度。     

中国区域DMSP-OLS与NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像校正

本文基于对传统不变目标区域校正法的改进,选择4期辐射定标参考影像对DMSP-OLS影像进行了饱和校正与时间序列连续性校正。通过阈值法去除了NPP-VIIRS影像的背景噪声及异常值,利用对数变换压缩了其灯光辐射值的动态范围,使其亮度分布更接近于DMSP-OLS数据。利用BiDoseResp函数模型对NPP-VIIRS影像进行了一致性校正,获得了1992-2019年长时间序列夜间灯光影像。从定性、定量及校正影像与社会经济参量的相关性方面对校正结果进行了精度验证。结果表明,改进后的校正方法改善了DMSP-OLS影像饱和严重的现象,使其获得了长时间序列纵向可比性。BiDoseResp函数模型可以很好地拟合DMSP-OLS和对数变换后的NPP-VIIRS之间的回归。校正后的长时间序列灯光影像数据与社会经济参量高度契合。校正结果对推广长时间序列夜间灯光影像的广泛应用、深化长时间序列科学问题的研究具有重要价值。     

一种基于重要性评估的河网分级方法

提出了一种改进的河网分级方法,该方法首先对河段的重要性程度进行评估,并利用树结构实现河网的拓扑关系;之后基于河段重要性指数筛选河网主干,并利用主干抽离算法对河网进行逐层遍历;最后基于遍历结果完成河网地层次划分。试验表明,新方法在算法性能和分级结果上均优于传统方法,因此,新方法能够更好地应用于实际的河网分级工作中。     

多光谱遥感影像亮度空间相位一致性特征点检测

提出了一种基于亮度空间和相位一致性理论的多光谱遥感影像特征点检测算法。首先利用参数自适应的灰度变换函数建立影像亮度空间;然后结合相位一致性方法在影像亮度空间进行候选特征点检测,并将候选特征点映射到原始影像上进行非极大值抑制;最后在尺度空间计算特征点的特征尺度值。本文方法有效结合了亮度空间特征检测和相位一致性特征检测的优势,对多光谱遥感影像的辐射变化具有较强的稳健性。试验结果证明,与传统特征点检测算法相比,本文方法在特征重复率和重复特征数量方面都具有明显的优势。     

Quality assessment of GNSS observations from an Android N smartphone and positioning performance analysis using time-differenced filtering approach

GPS Solutions - Tropical cyclones are a serious natural disaster concern in Australia due to El Niño and La Niña phenomena. However, little attention has been paid to the ionospheric...     

对可控硅调压整流电路若干问题的分析

本文比较了两种可控硅整流电路,在这两种电路中把反并联可控硅接入阳极变压器。文章介绍了电路的过压和过流的保护方法并给出了电路的计算公式和经验数据。     

半导体激光器与单模光纤的光耦合

本文讨论了计算全息光学元件作为半导体激光器与单模光纤之间的模式匹配元件的理论和方法。推导了产生计算全息光学元件的数学方程。由计算机控制绘图机刻制了全息图,照相缩制了全息光学元件,并得出了实验结果。     

Quick Bird遥感影像的几何校正

以高分辨率的Quick Bird卫星数据为对象,经影像信息融合,使处理后的图像分辨率提高且接近真彩色,具有良好的判识效果;选择若干个GPS地面控制点作为参考点,以遥感图像处理软件ER Mapper6.2为平台,对图像进行二次多项式几何精校正,纠正后的图像点位误差在lm左右,说明纠正后的图像具有较高的几何精度.