灌区水资源合理配置研究进展

灌区水资源合理配置是提高灌区水资源利用效率及保障粮食安全的重要途径,也是实现灌区水资源可持续利用的有效调控措施。从灌区水资源管理政策、水资源循环转化规律、水资源优化配置模型与方法和水文生态4个方面,对国内外该领域的研究现状进行了对比分析。研究发现,国内灌区水资源配置主要存在4个方面的问题:水资源合理配置与保护政策落实不到位、水资源的统一管理机制不健全、水资源优化配置模型实用性不强和水资源优化配置基础条件较为薄弱。建议加强灌区水资源的统一管理政策与机制、变化环境下水资源循环转化规律、水资源承载力基础理论与评价新方法、水文生态调控技术、水资源实时风险调度与智能化管理技术以及水资源优化配置耦合技术研究。     

Validation of Column-Averaged Dry-Air Mole Fraction of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Retrieved from OCO-2 Using Ground-Based FTS Measurements

In order to correctly use the column-averaged atmospheric CO₂ dry-air mole fraction (XCO₂) data in the CO₂ flux studies, XCO₂ measurements retrieved from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) in 2015 were compared with those obtained from the global ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The XCO₂ retrieved from three observing modes adopted by OCO-2, i.e., nadir, target, and glint, were separately validated by the FTS measurements at up to eight TCCON stations located in different areas. These comparisons show that OCO-2 glint mode yields the best qualitative estimations of CO₂ concentration among the three operational approaches. The overall results regarding the glint mode show no obvious systematic biases. These facts may indicate that the glint concept is appropriate for not only oceans but also land regions. Negative systematic biases in nadir and target modes have been found at most TCCON sites. The standard deviations of XCO₂ retrieved from target and nadir modes within the observation period are similar, and larger than those from glint mode. We also used the FTS site in Beijing, China, to assess the OCO-2 XCO₂ in 2016. This site is located in a typical urban area, which has been absent in previous studies. Overall, OCO-2 XCO₂ agrees well with that from FTS at this site. Such a study will benefit the validation of the newly launched TanSat products in China.     

四川稻城县重要地质遗迹特征及保护利用思路分析

基于对稻城县地质遗迹调查的最新数据和对前期调查成果的梳理, 按照调查规范将稻城县的地质遗迹划分为3大类、8类、17亚类, 主要类型为冰川地貌、水体地貌、岩土体地貌和构造剖面。研究认为该地区地质遗迹分布：① 受控于地层、构造的影响, 以各类地貌景观为特点, 呈“线状”、“集聚性”分布; ② 受“南北高中间低”地貌格局的影响, 地质遗迹的分布受海拔控制十分明显, 各类峡谷形态和冰川地貌均有分布。根据地质遗迹不同属性及组合特征, 提出了加强地质文化多元融合、合理规划地质旅游产品、创新科普宣传方式和注重各类品牌申创的保护利用思路, 从而为稻城地质遗迹开发和旅游发展提供引导。     

稻城亚丁生态旅游区旅游资源优势与开发浅析

稻城亚丁具有与云南中旬和丽江相类似的自然景观和生态环境,并且同为传说中的理想国－香格里拉所在地,但其旅游业处于起步初创阶段。本文着重介绍了该区的旅游资源及开发现状,并提出了进行系统生态旅游资源调查,进行统一的科学规化,加强旅游营销等建议。     

渤海导管架平台桩柱冰压力随机过程模型及其参数确定

首先分析了冰压力随机过程的特征及其产生机理,从而按冰的破坏形式将冰压力随机过程分为挤压破坏过程、屈曲破坏过程和弯曲破坏过程.从渤海海冰对平合桩柱作用大量实测冰压力曲线中选取37条典型的冰挤压破坏时程曲线,经谱分析确定了相应冰压力随机过程的谱密度及其谱参数;进一步经统计分析,建立了谱参数与冰厚的关系;在此基础上,建立了绕圆桩柱的冰压力随机场模型,并利用大量实测数据,经统计回归分析,确定了场函数的具体表达形式,由此用冰压力随机场可以容易地确定圆桩柱的总冰压力随机过程及其谱密度.     

Preparation of pure gum raw materials-low brown algae application

Octenylsuccinate starch ester,also called pure gum,is non-toxic and odourless modified starch which is widely used in many food fields.This study synthesized pure gum in a reaction kettle using the low molecular weight trehalose and octenyl succinic acid.An orthogonal test was carried out to find how the reaction factors aff ect the synthetization of octenylsuccinic acid polysaccharide ester and to optimize the reaction at single factor level.The optimal products were obtained using 1:2 of octenylsuccinic acid:alginic acid,catalysed by 0.1% p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst for 1.5h at 200℃ under vacuum conditions.The gained product contains up to 46%of seaweed gel monoesters.The degree of esterification of the polysaccharide is controlled by the use of the small-molecule trehalose.Compared with the traditional methods,our process can reduce raw material cost and improve emulsification stability of pure gum.These all can significantly improve the market competitiveness of pure gum products.     

"南川"、"狮子山"外围云系对温州的风雨影响分析

利用温州地区地面自动气象站观测资料、Micaps资料、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料和温州新一代气象雷达资料等,对"南川""狮子山"外围云系对温州造成的大风和强降水进行分析,并总结出台风外围云系影响时大风和强降水的预报着眼点:可根据雷达基本速度场中的强径向风、地面气压梯度的增大区和台风路径、移速等判断大风;可在...     

台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风成因分析

利用常规资料、浙江省自动站加密资料、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°每日4次再分析资料和多普勒天气雷达资料对2009年第8号台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风的成因进行了分析。此次台风大风影响具有影响时间早、持续时间长、影响范围大和大风强度强的特点。副热带高压快速加强西进是造成台风大风提早出现的主要原因之一。鞍型场、3个台风相互影响使得“莫拉克”台风移速减慢,导致台风大风对浙江沿海的影响时间增长。“莫拉克”登陆福建后其西北侧华北高压以及东南侧海上高压的存在使得地面气压梯度维持,导致大风影响时间增长和影响范围增大。垂直方向环流将高层动量下传导致低层风速猛增。多普勒天气雷达径向速度产品VCP21进行速度退模糊后可以作为台风大风分布范围和极大风速预测的一个参考依据,预测时其在沿海海面效果要较内陆好。     

散射计海面非气旋风场块状模糊去除方法

利用最大似然法 (MLE) 对散射计数据反演得出的风矢量,一般存在多个模糊解,故需采用圆中数滤波法进行模糊去除。但传统圆中数滤波法难以解决风场反演中块状模糊问题。该文根据散射计非气旋性第1风场的空间分布特性,归纳出一套适合散射计的加强型圆中数滤波块状模糊去除方法,并探讨了其适应性。该方法定义简单,计算量小,且易收敛。利用欧洲EUMETSAT提供的部分ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) L2原始数据对该方法进行验证结果表明,对于非气旋风场分布情况,该方法在利用其他工具去除台风气旋覆盖区域后,能有效解决非气旋区域风场块状模糊问题。