南京雷达数据的一致性分析和订正

运用几何匹配法处理了南京雷达和热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)上搭载的测雨雷达(Precipitation Radar,PR)的反射率因子探测资料,统计分析了2008—2013年共245个时次的匹配数据。 以TRMM PR工作多年持续稳定特征为参照,揭示了南京雷达6 a的探测资料情况。结果表明,南京雷达和TRMM PR探测降水具有较强的一致性,6 a时间里南京雷达存在一定的运行不稳定情况,南京雷达0℃层以下数据存在“3段特征”:时段Ⅰ2008年1月—2010年3月,时段Ⅱ2010年3月—2013年5月,时段Ⅲ2013年5—10月。3个时段之间整体回波强度有差异,时段Ⅱ整体回波强度比时段Ⅰ、Ⅲ偏小2—3 dB;而3个时段内的回波整体保持相对的稳定,南京雷达与TRMM PR的回波强度差值随回波强度的变化呈线性关系;在中低回波值时TRMM PR比南京雷达大,在中高回波值时南京雷达比TRMM PR大。基于两种雷达回波强度值的拟合关系,对南京雷达的反射率因子进行分段线性订正,有效地改善了南京雷达的一致性:3个时段回波强度的整体差异减小到0.75 dB以内;在245个匹配时次和105894个匹配点上南京雷达和TRMM PR的反射率因子的相关系数增大,南京雷达-TRMM PR值的标准差减小。     

台湾海峡西岸海雾研究现状与未来发展方向

台湾海峡是一个海雾多发的交通要道,海雾灾害往往会导致人员和财产损失。对当前有关的海雾研究现状进行总结,以海峡西岸为代表,比较台湾海峡海雾和其他海域的大雾研究进展状况,主要包括海雾发生时的天气气候学特征、监测手段、微物理特征研究和海雾数值预报研究等。结果表明,台湾海峡西岸在天气气候学方面已经取得了一定的成果;监测手段随着科学技术的发展,也不断的完善,但在如何对卫星遥感监测结果进行反演方面还需进一步研究;海雾的微物理特征研究有助于海雾模式的改进和卫星遥感海雾反演技术的提高,但台湾海峡西岸尚未开始研究,是下一步的研究重点;台湾海峡海雾数值模拟工作较少,伴随观测技术的不断进步、动力统计方法的不断完善,可通过数值预报产品与传统的天气学方法相结合,提高台湾海峡海雾预报水平。     

天津蓟县东水厂锰方硼石矿床成因新认识

天津蓟县东水厂锰方硼石矿床是世界上唯一一个具有经济开发价值的锰方硼石矿床,锰方硼石赋存与中元古代高于庄组二段泥晶白云岩中。本文通过微量元素分析探讨了锰方硼石的成矿环境,测定结果显示Sr/Ba=0.125~0.128;V/(Ni+V)=0.230~0.320;Th/U=4.356~4.898;V/Cr=0.018~0.026,各微量元素对比值范围变化不大;LREE总量为66.12×10~(-6)~67.90×10~(-6),HREE总量(包含Y)为18.88×10~(-6)~19.56×10~(-6),LREE/HREE值为3.38~3.60,Y/Ho值介于28.25~29.14之间,δCe介于0.829~0.854之间,显示为弱的负Ce异常,δEu值介于0.831~0.846之间,显示为弱的负Eu异常。地球化学数据指示其成矿环境属海相沉积环境,海水环境为相对氧化的状态,成矿过程中有陆源物质的加入。Sm/Nd-Eu/Sm图解表明研究区与柴达木盆地第三系蒸发岩较为相似,反应锰方硼石成矿时具有类似的蒸发成因。通过对硼同位素(δ~(11)B的数值范围为1.4‰~10.7‰)的解译进一步探讨了锰方硼石在原生成矿阶段的具体成因(海相蒸发沉积)。结合前人所做的锰方硼石地球化学数据,对东水厂锰方硼石矿床的成因做出了新的解释,即锰方硼石成矿时应属海相蒸发成因,而热液活动的过程则可能是发生于锰方硼石成矿之后,属后期热液改造作用,从而形成了锰方硼石复杂的地球化学特征。     

Triterpenols as Proxies for Tracking the Mangrove Evolution in China

正Objective Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems,mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon,whereby core samples could provide detailed records of mangrove evolution.Human induced,rapid environmental changes in recent years require a better understanding of the mangrove ecosystems evolution in the past,by reconstructing the past mangrove     

淤泥质海岸入海河口闸下港道河相关系

以江苏沿海北部的射阳河闸下港道为原型,建立二维水动力及泥沙输运概化数学模型,模拟了淤泥质海岸闸下港道淤积过程。分别在不考虑径流年内分配变化和考虑径流年内分配变化的情况下,研究了入海径流对港道内水沙动力和冲淤演变的影响。参考前人研究成果,结合量纲和谐准则,根据模型的计算结果,建立了淤泥质海岸闸下港道年均平衡流量与汛期排水比例、河床断面积、外海潮差、潮波变形、港道长度等因素间的河相关系式,对在实际情况中达到动态冲淤平衡的某条特定港道,可简化为港道年均流量与河床断面积间关系式的简化形式,并通过分析实测资料,对公式的简化形式加以佐证。     

深海嗜热异化铁还原菌Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T对不同铁氧化物的铁还原特性

异化铁还原微生物在铁元素的地球化学循环中具有重要意义。深海热液活动是大洋铁元素的重要来源,目前深海热液环境中铁代谢相关微生物研究很少。本文对一株分离自深海热液区的嗜热异化铁还原菌新种Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T的铁还原特性进行分析,比较了该菌对无定形羟基氧化铁、无定形铁氧化物和针铁矿3种不同铁氧化物的铁还原速率;并利用透射电镜对矿化产物进行矿物形貌、组成元素和晶型的分析。研究发现该菌生长在指数期至稳定期时,铁还原速率最快,其中对无定形羟基氧化铁和无定形铁氧化物的还原速率较高,达2.82 μmol/h和2.15 μmol/h;透射电镜结果表明,该菌可将3种不同胞外铁氧化物均还原矿化形成颗粒状磁铁矿,由针铁矿矿化形成的磁铁矿少但粒径最大,而由无定形铁氧化物形成的磁铁矿晶面不同于另外两种铁氧化物。结果表明,该菌有很强的铁还原和矿化能力,能厌氧呼吸还原三价铁氧化物,但是铁氧化物的性质对该菌胞外铁还原能力和矿化形成的磁铁矿的性质有重要影响。本研究为认识深海热液环境中异化铁还原菌在铁元素的地球化学循环和生物成矿过程提供了参考。     

Hydrothermal Fluid Sources of the Fengjia Barite–fluorite Deposit in Southeast Sichuan,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes

The Fengjia barite–fluorite deposit in southeast Sichuan is a stratabound ore deposit which occurs mainly in Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks. Here we present results from fluid inclusion and oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to determine the nature and origin of the hydrothermal fluids that generated the deposit. The temperature of the ore‐forming fluid shows a range of 86 to 302 °C. Our detailed microthermometric data show that the temperature during mineralization of the fluorite and barite in the early ore‐forming stage was higher than that during the formation of the calcite in the late ore‐forming stage. The salinity varied substantially from 0.18% to 21.19% NaCl eqv., whereas the density was around 1.00 g/cm³. The fluid composition was mainly H₂O (>91.33%), followed by CO₂, CH₄ and traces of C₂H₆, CO, Ar, and H₂S. The dominant cation was Na⁺ and the dominant anion Cl^‐, followed by Ca²⁺, SO₄^2‐, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, indicating a mid–low‐temperature, mid‐low‐salinity, low‐density NaCl–H₂O system. Our results demonstrate that the temperature decreased during the ore‐forming process and the fluid system changed from a closed reducing environment to an open oxidizing environment. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data demonstrate that the hydrothermal fluids in the study area had multiple sources, primarily formation water, as well as meteoric water and metamorphic water. Combined with the geological setting and mineralization features we infer that the stratabound barite–fluorite deposits originated from mid–low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and formed vein filling in the fault zone.     

Variations of Hydrodynamics and Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Yellow River Estuary Under the Influence of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme

The “Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme” (WSRS) is critically important to the hydrologic evaluation of the Yellow River estuary since a huge pulse of water and sediment are delivered into the sea during a short period. We used the natural geochemical tracers radium (²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra, ²²⁶Ra) and radon (²²²Rn) isotopes as well as other hydrological parameters to investigate the mixing variations and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Yellow River estuary under the influence of the 2013 WSRS. Dramatically elevated radium and radon isotopic activities were observed during this WSRS compared with activities measured during a non-WSRS period. Radium “water ages” indicated that the offshore transport rate nearly tripled when the river discharge increased from 400 to 3400 m³/s. We calculated the SGD flux in the Yellow River estuary based on a radium mass balance model as well as radium and radon time-series models. The SGD flux was estimated at 0.02~0.20 m/day during a non-WSRS period and 0.67~1.22 m/day during the 2013 WSRS period. The results also indicate that large river discharge tends to lead more intense SGD along the river channel direction with a large amount of fresh SGD.