东亚温带气旋及其长期预报（一）—气候特征及其影响因素

本文分析了影响我国近海的温带气旋气候特征及其影响因素。分析得出：３－７月是温带气旋的盛季，４月份是全年中温带气旋最多的月份。赤道东太平洋海温异常增暖的年份，温带气旋增多。     

鳗鲡气单胞菌引起的烂尾病病原菌抑菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法研究了三株烂尾病病原菌（气单胞菌）对３１种药物及不同配合药物的敏感性，测定了４种药物及配合药物ＨＰ对三株菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明，配合药物ＨＰ具较强的抑菌能力。     

三沙湾浮游植物的分布

本文分析，鉴定了于１９９０年５，８，１１月和１９９１年２月，采自福建三沙湾的６４份样品。记录浮游植物１１５种，其中蓝藻１种，硅藻９７种，甲藻１７种。浮游植物细胞总量的年平均值为１７．５０×１＾４个／ｍ＾３，其年高峰出现于春季５月。达４３．８４×１０＾４个／ｍ＾３，低谷出现于冬季２月，仅１．１６×１０＾４个／ｍ＾３。     

Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time

The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific (10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time.     

Estimating the geostrophic velocity obtained by HF radar observations in the upstream area of the Kuroshio

A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore, additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation. After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio.     

The origin and biogeochemistry of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong

To understand the origin and biogeochemistry of the organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, labile organic carbon, and residual organic carbon contents as well as stable isotope ratios for carbon and nitrogen were determined by KOBr-KOH treatment. Ratios of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (C_org/N_org) (mean = 24) were much higher than ratios of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C_org/N_tot) (mean=12), indicating the presence of significant amounts of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediments of both lakes. Stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen were, on average, 5.2‰ heavier than ratios of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Shihwa, but those same ratios were comparable in Lake Hwaong. This might be due to differences in the origin or the degree of degradation of sedimentary organic matter between the two lakes. In addition, stable isotope ratios for labile organic carbon were, on average, 1.4‰ heavier than those for residual organic carbon, reflecting the preferential oxidation of¹³C-enriched organic matter. The present study demonstrates that KOBr-KOH treatment of sedimentary organic matter can provide valuable information for understanding the origin and degradation state of organic matter in marine and brackish sediments. This also suggests that the ratio of C_org/N_org and stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen can be used as indexes of the degree of degradation of organic matter.     

A study on benthic community structure in west of the Taiwan Strait and near the Taiwan Shoals

ＡｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｂｅｎｔｈｉｃｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｗｅｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＳｔｒａｉｔａｎｄｎｅａｒｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＳｈｏａｌｓ￥ＷｕＱｉｑｕａｎ；ＪｉａｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎｇ；ＸｕＨｕｉｚｈｏｕ；ＣａｉＥｒｘｉａｎｄＬｉｎ...     

东山湾海水中化合态无机氮的分布特征

1988年5月东山湾海水中硝酸盐、铵氮、亚硝酸盐和总化合态无机氮的平均浓度分别为3.44、1.60、0.49和5.53μmol/dm~3;8月航次这些要素的平均含量分别为1.83、0.88、0.39和3.10μmol/dm~3;11月航次这些要素的平均浓度分别为6.48、0.61、0.31和7.40μmol/dm~3;1989年2月航次这些要素的平均浓度分别为12.5、0.39、0.48和13.2μmol/dm~3。不同季节无机氮的主要外部来源不尽相同。除冬季外,其他季节无机氮的分布均在不同程度上受到浮游植物摄取的影响,其中秋季的影响最大。此外,夏季无机氮的分布还受到上升流的影响。     

基于强跟踪性能的QEKF组合导航自适应滤波研究

以低成本陆用航姿参考系统（AHRS）/GPS紧耦合系统为研究对象,建立了基于伪距、伪距率、航向角的组合观测数学模型。引入强跟踪滤波（STF）算法,利用渐消因子的作用,增强滤波器对状态快速变化的跟踪能力。同时,针对微惯性器件漂移过大的缺点,采用二阶EKF（QEKF）方法,通过对Hessian矩阵的求解,补偿系统观测方程线性化的二阶截断误差。仿真表明：STQEKF方法可高速准确地逼近系统非线性模型,实现陆地载体导航控制,在传感器精度有限的情况下,使姿态和位置的控制效果较标准EKF分别提高了约8.9%-38.2%和48.7%-54.4%     

煤炭资源勘查误差理论研究

对煤炭资源勘查资源量与客观物质量之间差值的误差理论探讨,提出误差由真值误差、系统误差和离差3个基本部分组成,其中真值误差是不可消除的观测误差、系统误差是控制网度所决定的准确度标准、而离差是由地质构造及矿床形态的多解性产生的资源量波动。在此基础上,构筑了一个关于误差的数学模型,最后应用误差理论对现行勘查工作中常见的错误进行分析,并就如何避免错误及减少误差提出了见解。