Reduced soil moisture contributes to more intense and more frequent heat waves in northern China

Heat waves have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their frequent occurrence. The present study investigates the heat wave intensity and duration in China using daily maximum temperature from 753 weather stations from 1960 to 2010. In addition, its relationships with soil moisture local forcing on the ten-day period and monthly scales in spring and summer are analyzed using soil moisture data from weather stations and ERA40 reanalysis data. And finally, a mechanistic analysis is carried out using CAM5.1 (Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1) coupled with CLM2 (Community Land Model, version 2). It is found that the heat wave frequency and duration show a sandwich distribution across China, with high occurrence rates in Southeast China and Northwest China, where the maximum frequency and duration exceeded 2.1 times and 9 days per year, respectively. The increasing trends in both duration and intensity occurred to the north of 35°N. The relationships between heat wave frequency in northern China in July (having peak distribution) and soil moisture in the earlier stage (from March to June) and corresponding period (July) are further analyzed, revealing a strong negative correlation in March, June and July, and thus showing that soil moisture in spring and early summer could be an important contributor to heat waves in July via positive subtropical high anomalies. However, the time scales of influence were relatively short in the semi-humid and humid regions, and longer in the arid region. The contribution in the corresponding period took place via positive subtropical high anomalies and positive surface skin temperature and sensible heat flux anomalies.     

成岩地层学与层序地层学

层序地怪学研究是通过对露头、测井的地震反射剖面研究进行的，是属宏观研究，但大量实践证明，在不少层序界面，宏观上是难于辨别的，这就有碍于正确划分层序，开展层序地层学的研究工作，任何一个层序都过成岩作用的改进，因此成岩地层学与层序地层学有密切的关系，特别是与有生成岩作用有非常密切的关系，在许多不整合面上形成区域性的成岩标志，如溶蚀作用、硅化作用、白云岩化作用、土化作用、交代作用等标志，因此，可以通过成     

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶成因类型

塔河油田位于塔里木盆地北部沙雅隆起中段的阿克库勒凸起上。该凸起自加里东中晚期到海西早期的多次构造抬升运动使奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层长期出露于地表,受到强烈的大气淡水淋滤溶蚀作用。该地区还经历了加里东中期海侵和石炭纪海侵以及二叠纪火山作用。以塔河油田主体区内11口井的33份砂泥质充填物为基础样本,作了硼、矾、镓、铷等微量元素和包裹体分析等地球化学的研究,证实研究区内以大气淡水岩溶作用为主,存在后期的淡水-海水混合岩溶作用和热水岩溶(溶蚀)作用。大气淡水岩溶纵向上主要分为三个带,溶洞充填物的伊利石K—Ar同位素定年揭示其呈上老下新的时序性。海水入侵所改造的为浅层第一、二个岩溶带,热水岩溶(溶蚀)改造的为深部第三个岩溶带。     

暴雨发生前AIRS卫星资料适用性检验研究

利用AIRS卫星产品中的气温和水汽资料,计算出K指数(I_K)和沙氏指数(I_S)这两种大气不稳定指数。对暴雨发生前6 h左右这两种大气不稳定指数进行统计分析。统计结果表明:在暴雨发生前6 h左右,80%左右的暴雨发生在I_K >27.5℃或I_S <3℃的情况下。由于I_K的分布与暴雨发生的频率基本呈现出较为明显的递增变化,因此I_K与I_S相比能更好地反映暴雨天气的发生。为了更好地描述暴雨发生前的大气不稳定特征,将AIRS计算的I_K和I_S做了适当的结合,得到KS指数(I_KS)并将其运用到一次暴雨个例进行验证,从验证效果来看:暴雨发生的区域在6 h前基本都处在了I_KS较高的情况下,I_KS对暴雨具有一定的指示意义。通过对暴雨区域像元中AIRS反演的气温和水汽误差分析中可以得出:AIRS计算的I_K和I_S误差主要由AIRS在有效云量较高时850hPa高度上反演的气温以及700hPa和850hPa高度上反演的水汽的误差导致的。     

Are vegetated areas of mangroves attractive to juvenile and small fish? The case of Dongzhaigang Bay,Hainan Island,China

Well-developed aerial roots of mangroves make it difficult to study how fish utilize the mangrove forest as a habitat. In the present study, we compared the differences in fish assemblages in three major types of habitats of mangrove estuary (vegetated area, treeless mudflat, and creek) of a mangrove bay in Hainan Island, China, at different seasons during two consecutive years. Three types of gears, centipede net, gill net and cast net, were used in the different habitats of mangrove estuary and sampling efficiencies among gears were evaluated. Centipede nets were used in all the three types of habitats and cast nets and gill nets in treeless mudflats and creeks. Fish assemblages were dependent on gears used. Centipede net could efficiently catch fish occurring both inside and outside of vegetated areas efficiently. A total of 115 fish species in 51 families were collected. In terms of numbers of species per family, Gobiidae was the most diverse (17 species), followed by Mugilidae (5 species). Almost all of the fish were juvenile or small fish and few predators were recorded, implying low predation pressure in the bay. ANOVA analysis showed that significant seasonal and spatial variation existed in species richness, abundance, and biomass, which were less in the vegetated areas than those of treeless mudflats and creeks. The attraction of vegetated areas to fish was less than that of creeks and mudflats. Many species were specific to a particular habitat type, 4 species occurring exclusively in the creeks, 45 species occurring exclusively in the treeless mudflats, and 5 species occurring exclusively in the vegetated areas. The results indicated that mangrove estuaries were potentially attractive habitats for juvenile and small fish, but this attraction was accomplished by a connection of vegetated areas, treeless mudflats and creeks, not only by vegetated areas.     

刚果西比蒂和莫萨卡供水工程勘测与施工

本文简要介绍了作者在执行中国援刚果共和国西比蒂（Ｓｉｂｉｔｉ）和莫萨卡（Ｍｏｓｓａｋａ）两城镇供水项目中所采用的技术路线、工作方法及取得的主要成果。认为：在地质条件复杂、资料缺少的情况下，正确的技术路线、有效的技术方法和合理的作业方案，是依靠科学技术获取最佳技术经济效果的关键环节。     

塔里木盆地北部早古生代早—中奥陶世一次典型的碳酸盐岩台地沉没事件

沉没事件是碳酸盐岩台地发育、演化终止的一个重要标志,它具有特定的地质、地球化学及地震反射特征。地质上它是一个具阶段性的沉没过程,并由两个阶段的沉没层序来反映。两层序间可以是过渡的或以一真正的沉没不整合分割。早期阶段的沉没层序不总是向上变深的,它可以与Ｖａｉｌ等提出的层序具类似的特征。地球化学上响应为常量和微量元素的突变性增高。地震剖面上则表现为明显的双相位反射和界面之上的盆底上超。研究表明塔里木盆地以晚期阶段的沉没为主。     

三维自由面流动模拟中GPU并行计算技术

MPS(Moving Particle Semi-implicit)法能够有效地处理溃坝、晃荡等自由面大变形流动问题。在三维MPS方法中,粒子数量的急剧增加会导致其计算效率的降低并限制其在大规模流动问题中的应用。基于自主开发的MPS求解器MLParticleSJTU,本文对求解过程中耗时最多的邻居粒子搜寻和泊松方程求解两个模块采用了GPU并行加速,详细探讨了CPU+GPU策略。以三维晃荡和三维溃坝这两种典型的自由面大变形流动为例,比较了CPU+GPU相对于MLParticle-SJTU串行求解时的加速情况,结果表明CPU+GPU在邻居粒子和泊松方程这两个模块中的加速比最高能达到十倍左右。此外,采用CPU+GPU并行能够较准确地模拟溃坝、晃荡等自由面大变形问题。     

我国海洋能发电装置的测试和评价

发展海洋能发电装置测试和评价技术有助于推动相关技术成果转化,促进我国海洋能的开发利用。文章概述国内外海洋能发电装置及其测试和评价技术进展;重点分析海洋能(潮流能和波浪能)发电装置测试和评价的主要内容,包括功率特性、电能质量特性及其综合测试系统;分别选取潮流能和波浪能发电装置案例,按相应方法和内容进行现场测试和评价。     

我国低硒地带人群全血硒含量及其与大骨节病关系的研究

本文指出我国低硒环境中人群硒的营养状态受环境控制。全血硒均值与动物硒反应症临界值(0.02微克/毫升)相同,其时空和在人群中的变化规律与大骨节病流行病学规律相一致。人体硒营养水平与发病率呈非常显著之负相关,提示大骨节病可能是典型的人体硒反应症。