Two-step method for the determination of the differential code biases of COMPASS satellites

The differential code bias (DCB) in satellites of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) should be precisely corrected when designing certain applications, such as ionospheric remote sensing, precise point positioning, and time transfer. In the case of COMPASS system, the data used for estimating DCB are currently only available from a very limited number of global monitoring stations. However, the current GPS/GLONASS satellite DCB estimation methods generally require a large amount of geographically well-distributed data for modeling the global ionospheric vertical total electron content (TEC) and are not particularly suitable for current COMPASS use. Moreover, some satellites with unstable DCB (i.e., relatively large scatter) may affect other satellite DCB estimates through the zero-mean reference that is currently imposed on all satellites. In order to overcome the inadequacy of data sources and to reduce the impact of unstable DCB, a new approach, designated IGGDCB, is developed for COMPASS satellite DCB determination. IGG stands for the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, which is located in Wuhan, China. In IGGDCB, the ionospheric vertical TEC of each individual station is independently modeled by a generalized triangular series function, and the satellite DCB reference is selected using an iterative DCB elimination process. By comparing GPS satellite DCB estimates calculated by the IGGDCB approach based on only a handful (e.g., seven) of tracking stations against that calculated by the currently existing methods based on hundreds of tracking stations, we are able to demonstrate that the accuracies of the IGGDCB-based DCB estimates perform at the level of about 0.13 and 0.10?ns during periods of high (2001) and low (2009) solar activity, respectively. The iterative method for DCB reference selection is verified by statistical tests that take into account the day-to-day scatter and the duration that the satellites have spent in orbit. The results show that the impact of satellites with unstable DCB can be considerably reduced using the IGGDCB method. It is also confirmed that IGGDCB is not only specifically valid for COMPASS but also for all other GNSS.     

社会人文地理国情监测体系初探——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

地理国情监测是当前我国测绘地理信息服务的重要工作,本文以汶川地震核心灾区社会人文地理国情监测为例,通过分析总结,初步提出了社会人文地理国情监测体系,并从概念体系、标准体系、方法体系和成果体系四个方面阐述了体系的架构和主要内容,为地理国情监测工作走向业务化、规范化和常态化提供一定的理论支持。     

中国海岸带管理空间基准的构建

针对海岸带管理空间基准服务需求的特点,讨论陆海空间基准现状及存在的问题;提出改革现有条块分割管理体制,建立陆海一体化CGCS2000基准服务体系和机制的构想;创建一种基于CORS网的海岸带管理陆海一体化三维空间基准模型,可为海岸带信息化管理和可持续发展提供支撑.     

土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。     

美国促进地理信息劳动力发展的举措与启示

在全面介绍美国地理信息技术能力素质模型（ GTCM ）、地理信息职业、地理信息课程培训和认证体系的基础上,提出了要研究制定我国地理信息职业能力标准、新增地理信息职业类型、充分参考和利用GTCM模型、建立人才交流平台、加强地理信息劳动力调查研究,以促进我国地理信息劳动力和产业发展。     

卫星在轨颤动检测的可行性研究

卫星在轨颤动检测对CCD相机成像质量检测具有决定性,对图像应用潜力也是决定性的。利用快速小面阵CCD获取图像序列,提取任意时刻的参考图像与颤动图像进行SIFT初定位,利用RANSAC剔除SIFT位存在的粗差,结合图像运动模型,解算颤动状态参数。通过实验论证,此种方法检测在轨颤动是可行的、有效的。     

The Second Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI1): A Combined Drought Monitoring Method with Soil Moisture and Vegetation Index

Since soil moisture and vegetation index are direct and important indicators for surface drought status, a new drought monitoring method (MPDI1) is developed in NIR-Red reflectance space. It is a combination of two satellite-derived variables—a soil moisture component using the Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI), and a vegetation component using the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI). Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image and in-situ ground observation are introduced to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Results indicate that MPDI1 is highly consistent to the in-situ ground observation with the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.49) between MPDI1 and 5–20 cm mean soil moisture, which is slightly higher than the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.42) between MPDI1 and 10 cm soil moisture. Compared with drought indices such as PDI and the Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), MPDI1 provides quite similar trends for bare soil or lower vegetated surface, but it demonstrates a better performance in measuring densely vegetated surface. This paper concludes that MPDI1 provides correct and sufficient information on surface drought status in soil-plant continuum, which appears to have robust available and great potential for surface drought estimation in China and other countries.     

彩色扫描地图中背景色的等高（等深）线矢量化研究

在介绍矢量化方式的基础上,根据国外地图的特点,选择了基于全要素地图的矢量化方式。通过综合利用多义点及方向信息,对等高线矢量化的追踪过程控制,不仅避免了误追踪等特殊情况,且减少了人机交互,实现了有背景色区域等高（等深）线的半自动矢量化。     

Towards a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution altimetry gravity field

Over the past three decades, radar altimetry has made a significant contribution to marine gravity field modeling. To improve the accuracy and resolution, we propose a new twin-satellite altimetry. Such a system has several advantages. Among others, it provides (i) twice the number of samples per time epoch, and (ii) information about the cross-track surface gradient with high accuracy because most of the environmental and tidal errors will be common to the simultaneous measurements and therefore cancel out when computing the cross-track gradient computation. We describe a rigorous procedure for the deduction of the sea surface gradient at each altimeter observation point (i.e., not only at the crossovers), from the twin-satellite altimetry system. The precision of the gradient will be slightly affected by orbit errors, instrument drift, and inaccuracies in the geophysical corrections to be applied. We also demonstrate that a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution marine altimetry gravity field can be obtained if certain conditions are met. To achieve the expected goal, we recommend an orbital configuration, phasing two satellites in 4-s time delay such that the Earth rotation creates a natural baseline between the two satellites, and a 18 kHz SAR altimeter.     

地理国情监测中地貌形态识别研究——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

监测地理国情,是经济社会发展到一定阶段的必然要求,地貌形态数据是重要的基础地理信息,地理国情监测中地貌形态识别是一项必要的基础工作。本文根据25m分辨率的DEM数据,以绝对高程和地形起伏度为地貌形态识别指标,建立适合汶川地震核心灾区的分类分级指标体系,采用数据分割的方法获得研究区6种地貌形态的分布图,识别结果真实可靠,对后续工作具有一定借鉴和指导意义。