湘黔地区牛蹄塘组黑色岩系稀土特征：——兼论海相热水沉积岩稀土模式

本文在海相热水沉积物具海水型稀土模式形成机理研究基础上，提出海相化学沉积物一般具有海水型稀土模式，而海相火山喷发成因热水沉积物的稀土元素将主要反映火山物质来源区特征的新认识。湘黔下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系稀土总量在富金属碳质伊利石页岩层出现峰值，向上在薄层状和厚层状碳质伊利石页岩，向正磷块岩和硅质岩中均有减少。该岩系稀土模式与海水相同，同时，在Ｌａ／Ｙｂ－Ｃｅ／Ｌａ、Ｌａ／Ｙｂ－ＲＥＥ图解上显示与玄     

地质样品中微量金银的在线分离富集方法

提出用ＶＳ－Ⅱ型强碱性阴离子交换纤维定量富集、硫脲解脱，流动注射在线分离富集—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量金银的分析方法。该方法检出限低，金为１．４μｇ／ｍＬ，银为０．３５μｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差均小于２％，采样频率为１２０次／ｈ，用于地质样品中痕量金银的直接测定，结果令人满意。     

浙江省千岛湖西部地区旅游资源功能分类及开发建议

以１∶５万区域地质调查资料为基础，详细论述了千岛湖西部旅游资源的特点，据其功能划分为水文景观、生物景观、地学景观、地史遗迹、休闲渡假、人文景观和土特产品７大类，并对不同类型的旅游资源提出了开发建议     

平南幔源包体中橄榄石的显微构造研究及其意义

平南玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为930~980℃, 平衡深度为59~74km, 包体中橄榄石的扭折带滑移系多为(010) [100], 但也有(001) [100]的滑移系类型; 斜方辉石的滑移系为(100) [001], 它们均为高温低应变速率下的滑移系, 说明该区的上地幔主要是在高温低应变速率条件下经历了塑性变形作用.橄榄石位错组态多样, 有自由位错、位错壁、位错弓弯、缠结、{110}滑移带, 反映了上地幔的塑性变形特征.根据位错壁的大小估算, 上地幔差异流动应力为24.5~42.1MPa, 流动速率为2.93×10-17~8.36×10-16s-1, 有效粘度为1.72×1023~2.80×1024 Pa·s, 特征与中国东部新生代上地幔较为一致, 反映同处于拉张环境.      

赤峰-朝阳地区金矿床流体包裹体特征及成因

区内两大类金矿流体包裹体的研究表明,Ⅰ类金矿以次生包裹体为主,盐度为3.5%～4.0%,均一温度为160～220℃,压力为400×105～700×105Pa,CO2摩尔百分数小于5.5,K+/Na+＜1;Ⅱ类金矿以原生和假次生包裹体为主,盐度为5%～7%,均一温度为250～350℃,压力为400×105～800×105Pa,CO2摩尔百分数一般小于6,K+/Na+＞1.Ⅰ类金矿液起源于太古宙变质岩重熔岩浆,金沉淀和矿液温度的下降有关;Ⅱ类金矿液起源于同熔花岗岩浆,金沉淀和矿液中晚期沸腾作用及围岩的硫化作用有关.     

Contamination and distribution of heavy metals in urban and suburban soils in Zhangzhou City,Fujian, China

The urban environment is of growing concern as its continued population increase in China. Due to the urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals have been continuously discharged into the soil recently, and creating the anthropogenic contamination. This study investigated heavy metals contamination in urban and suburban soils in Zhangzhou City, Fujian, China. Multivariate analysis and geographical information system technology were employed in source identification and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the city soils. The survey results indicated that the urban soils were contaminated by heavy metals, especially by Hg, Cd and Pb. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the distribution of Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni was controlled by pedogenesis, Cd and Pb had been disturbed by industrialization in some urban locations, and Hg was mainly influenced by the hot-spring in some urban park sites. The distribution of heavy metals and soil pollution index suggested the soils of Zhangzhou City have been affected by human activities.     

不同压应力作用下黏土体积变形的微观特征

为了研究黏土体积变形的微观结构变化特征,选取上海第4层淤泥质黏土为研究对象,分别采用各向等压和K0压缩两种方法制备体积变化率相同的土样,经冷冻真空干燥后对土样进行压汞试验并测定土中孔隙大小分布状况。压汞试验结果表明：试验黏土中孔隙可分为大孔隙、中孔隙、小孔隙和微孔隙,小孔隙占据土中孔隙的大部分空间,且其变化能够反映微观结构的主要特性;在各向等压应力状态下,随着压应力增高、体积压缩量增大,黏土颗粒发生空间平移使颗粒间变得更为紧密,孔隙分布曲线变化以孔隙波峰往孔隙变小方向偏移为主要特征,孔隙尺寸变小而孔隙形态基本不变;在K0压缩应力状态下,随着压应力增高,黏土颗粒发生旋转使孔隙变得扁平,表现为孔隙波峰位置基本不发生偏移,而以峰值降低为主要特征,孔隙结构形态明显改变     

Triple-oxygen-isotope determination of molecular oxygen incorporation in sulfate produced during abiotic pyrite oxidation (pH = 2-11)

Aqueous oxidation of sulfide minerals to sulfate is an integral part of the global sulfur and oxygen cycles. The current model for pyrite oxidation emphasizes the role of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ electron shuttling and repeated nucleophilic attack by water molecules on sulfur. Previous δ¹⁸O-labeled experiments show that a variable fraction (0-60%) of the oxygen in product sulfate is derived from dissolved O₂, the other potential oxidant. This indicates that nucleophilic attack cannot continue all the way to sulfate and that a sulfoxyanion of intermediate oxidation state is released into solution. The observed variability in O₂% may be due to the presence of competing oxidation pathways, variable experimental conditions (e.g. abiotic, biotic, or changing pH value), or uncertainties related to the multiple experiments needed to effectively use the δ¹⁸O label to differentiate sulfate-oxygen sources. To examine the role of O₂ and Fe³⁺ in determining the final incorporation of O₂ oxygen in sulfate produced during pyrite oxidation, we designed a set of aerated, abiotic, pH-buffered (pH = 2, 7, 9, 10, and 11), and triple-oxygen-isotope labeled solutions with and without Fe³⁺ addition. While abiotic and pH-buffered conditions help to eliminate variables, triple oxygen isotope labeling and Fe³⁺ addition help to determine the oxygen sources in sulfate and examine the role of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ electron shuttling during sulfide oxidation, respectively.Our results show that sulfate concentration increased linearly with time and the maximum concentration was achieved at pH 11. At pH 2, 7, and 9, sulfate production was slow but increased by 4× with the addition of Fe³⁺. Significant amounts of sulfite and thiosulfate were detected in pH ? 9 reactors, while concentrations were low or undetectable at pH 2 and 7. The triple oxygen isotope data show that at pH ? 9, product sulfate contained 21-24% air O₂ signal, similar to pH 2 with Fe³⁺ addition. Sulfate from the pH 2 reactor without Fe³⁺ addition and the pH 7 reactors all showed 28-29% O₂ signal. While the O₂% in final sulfate apparently clusters around 25%, the measurable deviations (>experimental error) from the 25% in many reaction conditions suggest that (1) O₂ does get incorporated into intermediate sulfoxyanions (thiosulfate and sulfite) and a fraction survives sulfite-water exchange (e.g. the pH 2 with no Fe³⁺ addition and both pH 7 reactors); and (2) direct O₂ oxidation dominates while Fe³⁺ shuttling is still competitive in the sulfite-sulfate step (e.g. the pH 9, 10, and 11 and the pH 2 reactor with Fe³⁺ addition). Overall, the final sulfate-oxygen source ratio is determined by (1) rate competitions between direct O₂ incorporation and Fe³⁺ shuttling during both the formation of sulfite from pyrite and from sulfite to final sulfate, and (2) rate competitions between sulfite and water oxygen exchange and the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Our results indicate that thiosulfate or sulfite is the intermediate species released into solution at all investigated pH and point to a set of dynamic and competing fractionation factors and rates, which control the oxygen isotope composition of sulfate derived from pyrite oxidation.     

建立涌水量曲线方程的最小残差法

本文在综述了目前稳定流涌水量经验方程建立方法的基础上,根据最小二乘法原理,提出了一种新的方法—最小残差法,并给出了计算实例。计算表明,最小残差法是建立稳定法涌水量经验方程的一种较好方法,计算过程在微机上易于实现。     

河北围场早白垩世鲎虫化石性双形现象研究

对产自河北围场下白垩统九佛堂组的65件鲎虫化石标本进行研究。根据其形态特征,认为这些鲎虫化石属于三角围场鲎虫（Weichangiops triangularisYang et Hong, 1980）。有观点认为,具有上肛板的鲎虫为冷水型鲎虫,而不具上肛板的鲎虫为暖水型鲎虫。河北围场采集的鲎虫化石有的具上肛板,有的不具上肛板,目前没有任何证据表明其为冷水型鲎虫与暖水型鲎虫混生的产物。通过研究,对三角围场鲎虫的特征进行了适当修正,认为围场地区的鲎虫化石具1对复眼,因此依据单个复眼而建立的新亚科——围场鲎虫亚科（Weichangiopsinae）不成立,应予以摒弃。三角围场鲎虫存在明显的性双形现象,雄性个体尾部具有上肛板,雌性个体不具有上肛板,这对于鲎虫化石分类研究具有重要的科学价值,可避免在生物分类时发生同物异名现象。