The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves?

A cumulonimbus cloud may ascend and spawn its anvil cloud, precipitation, and downdrafts within an hour or so. This paper inquires why a similar progression of events (life cycle) is observed for tropical weather fluctuations with time scales of hours, days, and even weeks. Regressions using point data illustrate the characteristic unit of rain production: the mesoscale convective system (MCS), covering tens of kilometers and lasting several hours, with embedded convective rain cells. Meanwhile, averages over larger spatial areas indicate a self-similar progression from shallow to deep convection to stratiform anvils on many time scales.Synthetic data exercises indicate that simple superpositions of fixed-structure MCS life cycles (the Building Block hypothesis) cannot explain why longer period life cycles are similar. Rather, it appears that an MCS may be a small analogue or prototype of larger scale waves. Multiscale structure is hypothesized to occur via a Stretched Building Block conceptual model, in which the widths (durations) of zones of shallow, deep, and stratiform anvil clouds in MCSs are modulated by larger scale waves.Temperature (T) and humidity (q) data are examined and fed into an entraining plume model, in an attempt to elucidate their relative roles in these large-scale convection zone variations. T profile variations, with wavelengths shorter than troposphere depth, appear important for high-frequency ( 2–5-day period) convectively coupled waves, as density directly links convection (via buoyancy) and large-scale wave dynamics (via restoring force). Still, the associated q anomalies are several times greater than adiabatic, suggesting a strong amplification by shallow convective feedbacks. For lower frequency (intraseasonal) variability, q anomalies are considerably larger compared to T, and may be dominant.     

Fault Systems and their Control of Deep Gas Accumulations in Xujiaweizi Area

A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of multi-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xudong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area.     

西北太平洋海区年际至十年际海面变化尺度耦合与波动转型

利用多通道奇异谱分析(MSSA)等多尺度分析方法,对西北太平洋海区14个站位验潮序列的年际到十年际尺度海面波动的时空特征进行探讨.结果表明:2.5a周期和4.5a周期在振幅与相位上表现出与ENSO指数波动的尺度耦合,并存在显著的由低纬向高纬的振幅、能量递减的纬向传递特征.4.5a周期和8a周期与PDO变化同样表现出一定的尺度耦合波动,高纬各站位海面波动也表现出一定的自东向西的径向传递.在空间维上,PDO作用下的传播型波动的响应范围明显小于ENSO事件,反映了二者驱动机制的差异.该海区约在1973年和1998年左右发生过两次明显的海面波动转型,并与太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)存在一定关联.     

大型帐篷构造对贵州天星桥喀斯特石林形成演化的控制作用

贵州黄果树天星桥景区下三叠统安顺组白云岩广泛出露,分布有连片水上石林,其发育在下三叠世台地相与深海盆地过渡的台地边缘相带上,这里海水进退频繁,古海岸带暴露面上大型帐蓬构造十分发育.碳酸盐岩古暴露带这种岩性特征,一则导致岩石充满裂隙及孔洞,极有利于大气降水入渗及地下水的赋存和运移;另则导致岩体软弱结构面密布,岩石的力学强...     

长江口泥沙的来源分析与数量计算的研究

本文根据地学原理，建立了长江口泥沙的来源分析与数量计算的模式。定量分析了长江口泥沙来源，计算了泥沙的数量。通过验证表明沙量的计算值与验证值两者十分吻合。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷中新统沉积特征及河道型岩性圈闭潜力

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷中浅层近年来相继有商业油气发现,虽目前仍然以构造圈闭为主,但古珠江三角洲相关岩性目标的评价亟待展开。基于高品质井、震资料,本次研究以恩平凹陷中新统珠江组上段—韩江组下段（T50—T35）为主要目的层,以三级层序界面和最大海泛面为界,建立了恩平凹陷T50—T35间的四级层序格架。在高精度层序地层格架的约束下,进一步采用地震沉积学手段揭示了恩平凹陷以分流河道为主的沉积特征,并建立了不同海平面背景下的河道沉积模式：海侵早期和高位末期河道规模较大,延伸距离较远,平面上常连片发育;海侵晚期和高位早期的河道规模适中,平面上孤立性较强,且前缘常被波浪改造。研究发现,不同类型的河道砂体与特定的构造背景结合可发育“河道切割型”岩性圈闭,并且最大海泛面上下更适合于相关圈闭的发育。据此,研究锁定了恩平A油田西侧斜坡带、E油田东侧斜坡带和G油田西侧披覆构造带等3个岩性圈闭有利区及2个有利勘探目标,为盆地岩性油气藏勘探提供了新思路。     

自由投放式声学多普勒海流剖面观测及数据处理

自由投放式声学多普勒海流剖面（FADCP）观测以“自由落体”方式进行采样,其不依赖于测船钢缆牵引即可对全深度海流进行观测,观测稳定性较下放式声学多普勒海流剖面（LADCP）大幅提升,有效减少了观测值之中的不规则运动。2021年4月与9月在南海西沙海域开展的FADCP观测实验获得了两个断面包含16个站的海流及CTD资料。基于静置期间的真实底流观测,各站全深度的海流剖面采用剪切法获得,潜标附近站位剖面与潜标观测剖面相比,平均流速偏差为3 cm/s。观测断面捕捉到了西沙海域两个时期的气旋涡,其垂直结构比HYCOM模拟更精细,表层流与绝对地转流契合。研究表明,FADCP对测船要求低、数据质量高,其后处理简便且结果良好,但无法对特定水层实施补充观测。     

海底AUV关键技术综述

海底海洋的观测探测,亟需大范围、长时间的观测平台。海底AUV有三大要点：适应海底机动性的结构、适应海底复杂环境的机敏运动性能、适应海底的水声通信定位技术。本文分析了海底AUV的发展与演变历程,凝练出海底AUV的关键技术难题,并相应地给出海底AUV水动力外形优化技术、海底AUV机敏运动控制技术、海底水声通信与定位导航技术、海底接驳与充电技术的解决思路。最后以碟形结构的水下直升机为例,给出了海底AUV的实践探索一例。本文将为海底AUV及其观测探测技术的发展提供指导意义。     

黄河入海径流量与河口沉积物的侵蚀关系

河口地区海水环境变化复杂,岸滩侵蚀严重,入海径流对侵蚀的影响不可忽视。从入海径流量与河口盐度变化的关系入手,主要阐述了海水盐度变化对河口泥沙沉降及泥沙沉降后固结的影响,进而讨论盐度变化对河口沉积物侵蚀的影响,其中,着重对黄河口地区入海径流量与河口沉积物侵蚀的关系进行了探讨;并且概述了黄河口沉积物侵蚀相关的研究情况,指出在黄河三角洲等河口岸滩侵蚀的研究中,可以以盐度等为媒介,把入海径流与沉积物本身联系起来,综合考虑分析岸滩侵蚀机理。     

深厚覆盖层建坝土体利用研究

本文通过深厚覆盖层基坑开挖现场原位试验及室内试验论证了覆盖层沉积时代越早、埋深越大和在有上覆盖重情况下力学性能和抗渗性能均有明显提高,总结了国内外覆盖层建坝土体利用经验,提出了覆盖层土体利用原则,以达到充分利用坝基下覆盖层、节约工期及降低造价目的。同时本研究可推动深厚覆盖层建坝技术发展,可供水利水电工程技术人员借鉴。