The 3D simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems based on eco-environmental water demand

Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.     

新疆城市化过程及机制分析

城市人则城市化研究的核心问题。在分析新疆城市化现状特征的基础上，围绕新疆城市发展的阶段和过程，采用多因素的灰色关联分析和比较分析等手段，对新疆1978－2000年间城市化发展过程进行分析和探讨，寻求并探索新疆城市化发展的特征、水平和演化机制。研究结果发现各因素与城市化的关联度不仅在横向上存在着指标间的差异，在纵向上显示出1990－2000间各指标与城市化的相关性明显高于1978－1989年间，部分指标与城市化关系发生了负向变化。表明近20多年来新疆城市化稳定发展，城市化系统条件（农村和城市的控制性次系统及整个社会经济文化）有一定的提高，体现了系统各因素与城市化发展的同向性以及区域发展的合理趋势，但整体薄弱的社会经济基础是新疆城市化落后的根本原因，产业结构升级转换仍将是新疆城市化的主要动力。     

天山1号冰川厚度和冰下地形探测与冰储量分析

通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源 1号冰川的雷达回波探测 ,清晰地揭示出冰川底部冰 /岩界面的位置及其起伏变化特征 ,显示出雷达波对山地冰川良好的穿透能力和对冰下地形的高分辨能力 ,冰川雷达测厚的误差小于 1 .2 %。研究结果显示 ,1号冰川东支冰川平均厚度为 5 8.77m ,西支冰川平均厚度为 44.84m ,冰体厚度最大值发育于冰川中部趋于主流线位置。冰川冰储量计算表明 ,东支冰储量为 0 .0 5 1 868km3,西支冰储量为 0 .0 2 0 2 1 0km3。表面和底部地形有明显差异 ,主要因冰川动力过程对基岩强烈的地貌作用所致 ,意味着冰床的起伏地形对冰川浅层冰体的运动过程影响不显著。     

Dynamic processes of a simple linear dune—a study in the Taklimakan Sand Sea, China

Samples of dune sands, surveys of the morphology and field measurements of wind velocity and direction of a simple linear dune in Taklimakan Sand Sea show that the airflow and sand flux vary with the change of wind direction on the dune surface. Decrease of the airflow stress on the lee flank does not result in much decrease of the sand flux because of the low threshold shear velocities and the airflow conditions. There are no significant relations between the sand flux on the lee flank and the angle of incidence of the airflow. The low threshold shear velocities and the maintenance of the sand flux at the lee flank are the main mechanisms keeping the linear shape of the dunes. Measurements of the sand flux shows that it reaches a maximum on the crest of the dune. The grain size of the transported sands has some differences compared to that of the dune surface. The sands transported are finer than that on the dune surface, but better sorted under the influence of the medium to low wind activity. The field experiment results exhibit that it is possible for the dunes to be shaped as linear dunes during the processes of accumulation and elongation.     

蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区金铜矿床时空分布特征及成矿作用

文章首次对蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区各类金、铜和铜—镍矿床(点)地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了系统总结，论证了金、铜和铜—镍成矿作用与古生代岩浆活动的关系，对区域地壳演化过程中金、铜和铜—镍成矿的动力学机制进行了深入讨论。研究结果表明，该区的金矿床(点)大体可划分为变质岩型、火山岩型、斑岩型和深成侵入岩型；铜矿床(点)有斑岩型、夕卡岩型和铜—镍硫化物型。金和铜矿床(点)大都沿古板块汇聚带分布，与海西期火成岩具密切的时空分布关系，它们是古板块对接碰撞期和碰撞期后大规模构造—岩浆活动的产物。     

信息化施工技术在保护某厂濒危烟囱中的应用

通过地处上海某厂锅炉房濒危烟囱北侧仅5米处的实验楼基础施工，详尽介绍了施工过程中保护濒危烟囱的防护工程对策，以及采用信息化施工技术而取得的良好经济效益。     

北京地区3500a来的气候与环境变迁——兼论昆明湖的沧桑

通过对北京颐和园昆明湖中沉积物的沉积特征的研究,结合历史记载,对昆明湖水域的形成时间和发展过程有了深入的了解,据此对北京地区3500a以来的气候与环境变迁作出了科学的划分,为探讨北京地区未来的气候变化趋势将会有所启迪。     

内蒙古二道岭矿区煤储层孔隙结构特征

采用汞注入法测试了内蒙古二道岭矿区主力煤储层的孔容、孔比表面积及孔隙率,分析了二道岭矿区主煤层的孔隙结构特征。结果表明,二道岭矿区主煤层总孔容较高,孔隙率较高,煤储层吸附能力较大,煤层气的运移潜势较大,有利于煤层气的开发。     

Isotopic Tracing of Trophication Processes over the Last Millennia on Lake Chenghai

Multi-parameter studies (stable isotopes in carbonate and organic matter, pigment,organic carbon and nitrogen contents) from a 660-yr continuous sediment core from Lake Cheng-hai, a closed, eutropic lake in southern China, provide information on lake historical eutrophi-cation. During the last 660 years, great changes have taken place in productivity and eutrophi-cation of Lake Chenghai in response to human activities. In 1690, the productivity of the lakebegan to increase as Lake Chenghai became closed from agriculture in the lake‘‘ s watershed. In 1942, Lake Chenghai evolved to eutrophic state, marked by an increase in organic carbon, ni-trogen, CaC03, pigment contents and obvious negative values of stable isotopes, which is more or less simultaneous with the large-scale population immigration during the period. In 1984, in-tensive human activities induced modern lacustrine productivity and eutrophic level. Human-in-duced trophic changes during the past few decades have affected the Lake Chenghai ecosystem tosuch an extent that it has never experienced before in the last 660 years.     

安徽铜陵地区蚀变流体填图方法的探讨

蚀变流体填图是一项区域流体地质调查研究工作 ,也是一项具有战略意义的、综合性的基础地质研究工作。区域大面积的流体填图工作的理论依据、思路方法、填图要素、技术要求和规范等还没有一套成熟的方法体系。在实施中国地质调查局和国土资源部科学技术司的“铜陵地区蚀变流体填图”项目中 ,探讨了流体填图的理论依据、思路方法、研究内容和填图要素 ,对填图单位制定了 3级填图单元等级体制 ,即流体系统流体子系统流体单元。在铜陵地区划分出 4个流体系统 ,7个流体子系统和 18个流体单元。