正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型

根据湍流封闭理论,建立一种适用于正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型(RSM),以代替目前三维浅海动力学模型中普遍采用的湍粘性系数的传统假设。通过直接建立并模化f—平面上正压海洋的雷诺应力传输方程,分别得到的微分形式和代数形式的RSM方程组。并讨论了进行数值计算所需要的边界条件。利用该模型可以进一步研究浅海潮流、风暴潮流及风海流等浅海流动的三维结构和湍流特性。     

Preliminary research on sea-level changes of the South China coast since late Epipleistocene

Several views on sea-level changes of the South China coast are briefly introduced in this paper. On the basis of 236 samples whose ages are determined by 14C chronological method and their sites are corrected with ancient water depth and crustal deformation, a basic model about sea-level changes of the South China coast since late Epipleistocene is set up. This model basically accords with the general cognitions of predecessors, i. e. it not only represents the common characteristics of sea-level changes of the East China coast but has some features of the South China coast itself. In general, this model is relatively close to the Fairbridge's curve, indicating that the sea-level undulations exist since 6 ka ago but the ranges of undulations are slightly larger than those of Fairbridge's curve.     

Mutagenetic action of ethyl methanesulfonate on Spirulina platensis

In the present experiments, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is used to treat blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Results show that the chemical is a very effective mutagen on the species and some genetic changes, including morphological variation, different growth rate and greater resistance to low temperature, have been found, which may offer an efficient method for the strain breeding of Spirulina platensis.     

秦山核电站邻近水域浮游植物的生态研究

本文分析了秦山核电站邻近水域生态零点调查四个航次的浮游植物样品,结果表明:调查区浮游植物的种数和细胞密度在时间尺度上均存在明显的季节变化趋势:夏大于秋大于春大于冬,并且与环境因子的变化密切相关,其中最主要的影响因子是温度、盐度和径流,而影响日变化的环境因子主要是潮汐。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)消化系统发生的研究

本文对中国对虾消化道和中肠腺的发生进行了研究。完整的中肠管形成于Ｎ３期，它是由幼虫腹面的内胚层板向背中线上卷合拢而形成。在Ｚ１期消化道完全贯通。至Ｍ１期，胃分化为贲门胃和幽门胃两部分，中肠前盲囊和中肠后盲囊也在此期出现，同时胃磨的雏形发生，但完整的胃磨形成于Ｐ期。另外，中肠腺始于Ｎ４－５期中肠前端突出的两对中肠腺盲囊。第一对中肠腺盲囊于Ｍ３期退化消失，而第二对中肠腺盲囊则发育为成体的中肠腺。中肠腺小管由４种不同类型的细胞（胚性细胞、吸收细胞、纤维细胞和泡状细胞）所组成     

Morphology, reproduction, ecology and isoenzyme electrophoresis of Capitella complex in Qingdao

-Morphology, reproduction, ecology and isoenzyme electrophoresis of a Capitella complex in Qingdao were examined from 1983 to 1984. We determined that the Capitella complex in Qingdao was composed of at least three sibling species: Capitella cf capitata, Capitella sp. I and Capitella sp. IT. Although these three species are very similar in morphology, they differ in: three kinds of isoenzyme electrophoresis, staining reactions, developmental pattern, larval morphology and dispersal, reproductive strategies, breeding season and population ecology. In addition, they show a series of minor quantitative variations in adult morphology, especially in number and morphology of setae. Such differences can be detected only at the population level. Some ecological data such as density, growth rate, mortality and sex distribution are also provided in this paper.     

Experiments in numerical modelling of the Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies

By using the atmosphere-ocean coupled model (CGCM) which is composed of a 2-level global atmospheric general circulation model and a 4-layer Pacific oceanic general circulation model developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and two model climatological fields got from the two independent models' numerical integrations respectively, the Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) from 1988 to 1989 are simulated in this paper with observed atmospheric general circulation data and sea surface temperature fields as initial conditions and monthly coupling scheme. In order to remove systematic biases of the model climatological fields, interaction variables between atmosphere and ocean are also corrected simultaneously. The experiments show that the simulation results can be improved effectively if these interaction variables are corrected in spite of the fact that there always exist systematic biases in independent numerical simulations of atmospheric part and oc     

Mechanisms controlling the temporal variation of the sea ice edge in the Southern Ocean

This paper examines the mechanism controlling the short time-scale variation of sea ice cover over the Southern Ocean. Sea ice concentration and ice velocity datasets derived from images of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are employed to reveal this mechanism. The contribution of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the change in ice edge location is examined by comparing the meridional velocity of ice edge displacement and sea ice drift. In the winter expansion phase, the thermodynamic process of new ice production off the ice edge plays an important role in daily advances of ice cover, whereas daily retreats are mostly due to southward ice drift. On the other hand, both advance and retreat of ice edges in the spring contraction phase are mostly caused by the dynamic process of the ice drift. Based on the above mechanism and the linear relation between the degree of ice production at the ice edge and northward wind speed, the seasonal advance of ice cover can be roughly reproduced using the meridional velocity of ice drift at the ice edge.     

The Levant Slumps and the Phoenician Structures: collapse features along the continental margin of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea

Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant. One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons, and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin. The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive salt layer.     

绒螯蟹种质资源研究进展

本文综述了近年来有关绒螯蟹属在形态学、遗传学和育种学方面的研究进展 ,着重介绍了同工酶、RAPD和 mt DNA技术在绒螯蟹群体遗传学中的应用 ,提出遗传学分类标准的建立是绒螯蟹属分子分类的关键所在。