滇东北DD1井五峰组—龙马溪组地层界线划分及沉积环境演变

DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩,笔石化石缺乏,也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层,O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定.微量、稀土元素分析表明,粉砂质泥岩中部(1288.3 m)的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰,该处∑REE含量显著高于上下...     

极锋以南洋区N_2O源汇特性初析

N_2O是大气中最重要的温室气体之一,目前已经有大量的研究对海洋N_2O循环及海洋对N_2O收支的贡献进行追踪报道。然而,极区相关研究仍然十分有限。本研究利用中国第25、26次南极科学考察的机会,对南大洋进行的采样以及实验室分析,结果显示,南大洋表层海水存在亚热带锋附近N_2O过饱和,亚南极锋附近接近饱和,和极锋以南洋面的不饱和的特征。海冰融化后,其融冰水的注入是N2O不饱和特征形成的主要原因。运用正态分布选取站观测风速95%以上的风速范围进行平局估算出极锋以南洋区海气通量,结果显示,极锋区以南表层海水是大气N_2O的汇区,年吸收通量约为3.5×10~(-4)—7.7×10-4Tg·a-1(百万吨氮/年)。     

地热资源与开发地热研讨

著者以发生学、生态学的观点阐述了地热资源特有的双重性，这是对地热资源评估的基础，指出了热源、热储、热力、蓄层间相依共存的密切关系。对开发地热提出的对策建议是立足资源，面向市场，因地制宜、优质优用，滚动开发，注重综合效益。     

Structure and oxidation state of hematite surfaces reacted with aqueous Fe(II) at acidic and neutral pH

Structural changes and surface oxidation state were examined following the reaction of hematite (0 0 1), (0 1 2), and (1 1 0) with aqueous Fe(II). X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that Fe(II) induces changes in the structure of all three surfaces under both acidic (pH 3) and neutral (pH 7) conditions. The structural changes were generally independent of pH although the extent of surface transformation varied slightly between acidic and neutral conditions; no systematic trends with pH were observed. Induced changes on the (1 1 0) and (0 1 2) surfaces include the addition or removal of partial surface layers consistent with either growth or dissolution. In contrast, a <1 nm thick, discontinuous film formed on the (0 0 1) surface that appears to be epitaxial yet is not a perfect extension of the underlying hematite lattice, being either structurally defective, compositionally distinct, or nanoscale in size and highly relaxed. Resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity measurements determined that the surface concentration of Fe(II) present after reaction at pH 7 was below the detection limit of approximately 0.5-1 μmol/m² on all surfaces. These observations are consistent with Fe(II) oxidative adsorption, whereby adsorbed Fe(II) is oxidized by structural Fe(III) in the hematite lattice, with the extent of this reaction controlled by surface structure at the atomic scale. The observed surface transformations at pH 3 show that Fe(II) oxidatively adsorbs on hematite surfaces at pH values where little net adsorption occurs, based on historical macroscopic Fe(II) adsorption behavior on fine-grained hematite powders. This suggests that Fe(II) plays a catalytic role, in which an electron from an adsorbed Fe(II) migrates to and reduces a lattice Fe(III) cation elsewhere, which subsequently desorbs in a scenario with zero net reduction and zero net adsorption. Given the general pH-independence and substantial mass transfer involved, this electron and atom exchange process appears to be a significant subsystem within macroscopic pH-dependent Fe(II) adsorption.     

Bearing Capacity of Two-Layered Artificial Ground with Firm Crust and Weak Subgrade Under Circular Pressure

Classical bearing capacity expressions can not afford variant engineering requests, since they were deducted under hypotheses of strip footing on homogeneous soil. An often met case was taken into account that circular footing on two-layered ground, which has firm crust and weak subgrade. Weighted method and layered method were used in capacity deduction, respectively. The former counts layered soils as single layer of weighted structure and material parameters. But it is restricted to conditions with close strength to each layer. The latter is preferred in engineering calculation, which regards the whole bearing capacity as subgrade’s capacity under the influence of the upper layer. Thus the issue is transformed to K. Terzaghi model plus stress reduction and dispersion effects. At last, the expressions gained from both methods and finite element analysis (FEA) were used in an example calculation, respectively. It approves layered calculating method and suggests the corresponding security coefficient based on elastoplastic FEA results.     

川滇黔二叠系铅锌成矿物质来源：C-H-O-S-Pb同位素制约——以云南太平子铅锌矿为例

【研究目的】川滇黔地区铅锌矿成因具有多样性,特别是与峨眉山玄武岩的关系存在较大的争议,本文从前人关注较少的二叠系碳酸盐岩中的铅锌矿入手,研究成矿物质来源。【研究方法】以云南寻甸县太平子铅锌矿为研究对象,运用S、Pb、C、H、O同位素实验数据及流体包裹体测温等方法,对成矿物质来源及成矿流体特征进行探讨。【研究结果】矿石铅同位素组成比较均一,分布集中,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb的变化范围分别为18.543～18.584、15.646～15.694、38.799～38.958,属于正常普通铅,具壳源特征,主要来源于基底岩石,水岩反应可能使赋矿围岩贡献少量的成矿物质。矿石硫化物δ³⁴S变化范围为-13.6‰～-7.3‰,方铅矿的δ³⁴S高于闪锌矿,硫同位素分馏并未达到平衡,生物成因硫酸盐还原作用（BSR）是还原硫的主要来源。热液方解石δ¹³C_V-PDB范围为3.8‰～4.7‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW范围为12.0‰～16.7‰,相较于滇东北其他重要的铅锌矿床,具有明显的低δD、高δ¹⁸O_fluid特点,成矿流体中的水主要来源于岩浆水和有机水的混合,具有中—高温、低盐度特征。【结论】太平子铅锌矿在成矿物质、流体、成矿温度等均与区域上其他典型铅锌矿有较明显差别,具有典型的岩浆-热液成因特点。     

贵州省近30a秋风的气候特征分析

利用1981—2010年30 a贵州省78站逐日日平均气温数据和NCEP/NCAR逐日的再分析资料,采用合成、EOF分解、傅立叶滤波等方法,分析了贵州省秋风的气候特征。结果表明:贵州省秋风天气强度有自西向东部或向东南部、东北部递减的分布规律。贵州省异常秋风过程次数的空间分布表现为全省各站呈同位相变化,进入2000年后,秋风过程次数由全省秋风偏弱偏少型转为全省秋风偏多偏强型。在环流场上,纬向西风在不断东移的过程中不断分裂出短波槽引导冷空气南下影响贵州,形成秋风天气过程,因而造成的秋风过程时间较长,强度较大。对秋风过程的环流场进行滤波表明:1波对于秋风过程有着十分显著的影响,而1波、2波在时间上的配合对于秋风过程也非常重要。     

超声波测风仪风速的不同算法误差分析

超声波测风仪与气象业务用风向标测风仪相比具有诸多优势,可为气象业务中风向风速观测急需解决的较多问题提供解决方案。为促成超声波风速仪尽早在气象部门业务应用,同时解决资料同化等问题,研究和选择适用于超声波测风仪的风速平均(平滑)算法显得极为重要。为此,从超声波测风仪测量原理出发,介绍了超声波测风仪获取数据的特点;利用台站获取的超声波测风仪风速的秒数据,采用不同时段、不同平均(平滑)方法,计算风速多种形式的平均值,通过统计、分析和比较,获得了标量和矢量不同算法下风速平均值的特性差异及其之间的误差,进一步验证了标量平均大于矢量平均的结论。通过对超声波测风仪的风速算法研究及其误差分析,对减小因算法带来的风速测量误差提供方法,同时探讨了超声波测风仪在气象业务使用的可能和方向。     

江西省温室气体监测及关键领域碳排放核算工作进展

简要概括了“十三五”规划实施以来,江西省开展温室气体浓度监测及关键领域排放核算相关工作及研究进展。1) 阐述了江西省温室气体观测站网建设现状,分析了各监测站浓度变化特征,对监测数据质量进行了评估,规范了业务服务产品;2) 基于景德镇站温室气体观测数据,开展了大气CO2和CH4浓度变化及其源汇特征相关研究,摸清其区域输送影响及源汇特征;3) 通过对卫星资料的分析研究,揭示了江西省大气温室气体浓度时空分布特征;4) 通过连续多年重点企业碳排放核查,促进了碳排放权交易市场的建立;5) 完成江西全省及11个设区市农业温室气体清单的编制,掌握了农业温室气体排放动态变化,编制发布了相关技术规范。江西省温室气体监测起步较晚,相较于山西、广东、江苏等省仍存在一定差距,亟待配备充足的资金和人员,规范台站观测业务运行,加强数据质控和技术队伍建设;此外,有必要加强各类排放过程排放因子本地测算,进一步规范碳核查工作流程,为江西省生态文明建设、绿色低碳发展及应对气候变化提供支撑。