A Community Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Strategy based on Stormwater Management

In the context of disaster normalization, the concept of “resilience” has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities. In order to resist the increasingly frequent disasters caused by extreme weather, it is necessary to shift the focus of building resilient urban communities to the level of stormwater management. Community resilience is a disaster prevention and mitigation capability based on community resources. In order to solve the deficiency of storm and flood management in the current construction of resilient communities in China, it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation system to evaluate it. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish a community resilience evaluation system from the perspectives of community material space level, community management level and individual level. Then three communities in Hefei City, Anhui Province are selected for practical application of the system, and corresponding optimization and transformation strategies are proposed. The results show that: (1) The resilience of community stormwater management is closely related to the integrated environment of the community, the allocation of flood control facilities and the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management; (2) The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation and the awareness of public participation of the residents in all communities are relatively weak, and the communities invest less in the popularization of stormwater management wisdom; and (3) Resilient communities should not only pay attention to the construction of non-engineering disaster prevention measures, but also to the application of small-scale green infrastructure oriented toward stormwater management.     

The Long-Term Field Experiment Observatory and Preliminary Analysis of Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Hilly Zone in the Subtropical Monsoon Region of Southern China

To improve current understanding of the water cycle,energy partitioning and CO2 exchange over hilly zone vegetative land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon environment of southern China,a long-term field experiment observatory was set up at Ningxiang,eastern Hunan Province.This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the field observations at the observatory collected from August to November 2012.Results show that significant diurnal variations in soil temperature occur only in shallow soil layers(0.05,0.10,and 0.20 m),and that heavy rainfall affects soil moisture in the deep layers(≥ 0.40 m).During the experimental period,significant diurnal variations in albedo,radiation components,energy components,and CO2 flux were observed,but little seasonal variation.Strong photosynthesis in the vegetation canopy enhanced the CO2 absorption and the latent heat released in daylight hours;Latent heat of evaporation was the main consumer of available energy in late summer.Because the field experiment data are demonstrably reliable,the observatory will provide reliable long-term measurements for future investigations of the land-atmosphere interaction over hilly land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China.     

中国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因分析

利用1961--2010年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和全国753站月平均降水资料,研究了我国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因。结果表明,西南地区东部秋季降水存在明显的年际和年代际变化。其中,年代际变化主要表现为,在20世纪80年代中后期,降水存在由多转少的突变;降水量年际变化则与苏门答腊一西太平洋和热带东太平洋的海温分布存在很好的关系。当苏门答腊一西太平洋和东太平洋海温呈现“＋-”异常分布时,引起大气热源的异常,加强哈德莱环流,同时,在南海及孟加拉湾附近激发出异常气旋性环流,而西南地区东部则处于南海气旋性环流外围异常偏北气流控制,削弱了孟加拉湾的水汽输送,从而造成西南地区东部的干旱。通过大气环流模式NCARCAM3．0（Community Atmosphere Model3．0）的海温异常试验,验证了上述观测结论。     

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR ABNORMAL FREEZING RAINS AND SNOWSTORMS IN SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008

A quantitative diagnosis is carried out for the upward branch of a local meridional circulation over southern China(SC) during the abnormal snowstorms with severe freezing rain from 10 January to 3 February 2008.The diagnostic study shows that the upward branch is mainly associated with the zonal advection of westerly momentum and meridional temperature advection instead of the latent heating(which is commonly the dominant factor in many other storm cases).The corresponding weather analyses indicate that(1) the zonal advection of westerly momentum represents the effect of the upper-level divergence on the anticyclone-shear side in the entrance of a 200 hPa westerly jet with a westward deviation from its climatological location over southwestern Japan;(2) the meridional temperature advection represents the interaction between the mid-lower layer(850 to 400 hPa) warm advection over SC(ahead of temperature and pressure troughs with the latter trough deeper than the former in the Bay of Bengal) and cold advection over north China(steered by an underlying flow at 500 hPa);(3) the relatively weak vapor transport(compared to that of spring,summer and autumn) from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to SC and the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the lower troposphere over SC diminish the effect of latent heating.With the significant increase of vapor transport after 24 January,the role of latent heating is upgraded to become the third positive contributor to the upward branch over SC.     

固定污染源无组织排放二甲基甲酰胺的监测研究

对固定源无组织排放的二甲基甲酰胺的监测方法进行了探讨研究。利用已有车间空气中二甲基甲酰胺的检验方法，采用适当延长采样时间，改进色谱分析条件，使方法检测下限降低，以用于环境空气样品监测。当采样体积为50L时，最低检出浓度为0．01mg／m^3，可较好地满足环境影响评价工作需要；通过列举监测实例，分析如何选择适宜的监测条件，确保捕捉厂界最高浓度监测值，以获得满意的监测结果。     

Value Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services in the Da Hinggan Mountains,China

This study examined regional differences in ecosystem services for the Da Hinggan Mountains(DHM),China.A correction index was constructed based on ten-year aver...     

TMD结构基于双过滤白噪声随机地震激励的系列响应的简明解

针对既有方法在分析TMD结构基于双过滤白噪声激励下结构响应的解表达式复杂而导致计算效率低的问题,提出了一种简明封闭解法。首先,利用双过滤白噪声谱的滤波方程与TMD结构的地震动方程联立,可将TMD结构基于复杂的双过滤白噪声激励准确的表示为易于求解的运动方程;其次,基于复模态法获得TMD耗能结构位移、层间位移的系列响应的复特征值及复模态参与系数;然后基于随机振动理论获得了TMD结构随机地震动系列响应（相对于地面绝对位移和结构层间位移）的功率谱统一形式的二次正交解,进而获得了TMD结构系列随机响应的0-2阶谱矩和方差的简明封闭解。最后研究了基于首超破坏准、Markov过程假设及串联失效模式的TMD结构的体系动力可靠度。通过一算例分析,表明了本文方法的正确性和高效性。因此,本文方法可用于各类线性结构基于复杂的随机地震动响应的分析及其动力可靠度计算。     

基于改进分块阈值的SAR图像分割算法

提出改进分块阈值的SAR图像分割算法,该算法不但能够充分利用图像的局部细节信息,而且利用子图像块上边和左边子图像块的统计特征,增加子图像块间的连续性限制条件。通过试验对比,证明本文提出的算法能够得到更好的分割效果。     

低轨道卫星重复周期的设计方法及其对重力场反演的影响

研究低轨卫星重复周期的设计原理,给出相应的计算公式。基于此对不同轨道高度卫星的重复周期进行数值仿真,并利用动力学方法分析不同重复周期轨道星下点轨迹的空间采样对重力场反演精度的影响。结果表明,卫星的重复周期与其轨道高度的变化并不成线性关系,并且在顾及重力场时间分辨率的情况下,长重复周期能够提高卫星地面轨迹的空间采样,为重力场解算提供较好的条件。     

地籍管理信息系统若干问题的探讨

本文通过分析国内外地籍管理信息系统的发展历程,结合我国现阶段对地籍管理信息系统的设计与开发,总结了地籍管理信息系统的主要目标和总体结构,通过分析我国现阶段对地籍管理信息系统的设计与开发状况,探讨了地籍管理信息系统设计、开发和管理的一些重要问题.最后以办文查询子系统为例,简述了地籍管理信息系统中,办文查询子系统设计与开发、属性数据库的建立和保证数据访问安全性的措施与方法.