东亚夏季风对长江口海域表面水温的影响

根据引水船海洋站 1960 - 2001 年、大戢山海洋站 1978 - 1999 年、吕四海洋站 1960 - 1990 年、滩浒岛海洋站 1984 - 2001 年、嵊山海洋站 1973 - 2001 年夏季 6 - 8 月、秋季 9 - 11 月月平均表面水温资料和美国NCEP / NCAR的北半球月平均 500 hPa 高度场、850 hPa 风场再分析资料,利用合成分析及相关分析方法,分析东亚夏季风对长江口海域 ( 区 ) 表面水温 ( SST ) 的影响.结果表明:长江口区夏季 SST 呈近岸高,外海低的特点.长江口区 SST 冷夏年,东亚夏季风较弱;暖夏年东亚夏季风较强.强夏季风年,长江口区夏季、秋季 SST 偏高;弱夏季风年,长江口区夏季 SST 偏低.     

有害赤潮与原生动物相互作用的研究进展

近年来有害赤潮在全世界频繁爆发,规模也呈逐渐增大的趋势,其对海洋生态系统结构和功能的影响,引起了广泛关注。原生动物是海洋生态系统中微食物环的重要组分,通过其摄食,可以将中型浮游动物难以摄食的有机颗粒、微型浮游植物和微微型浮游生物连接到高级消费者。由于形成有害赤潮的浮游植物大都是细胞较小的微型浮游植物,因此,有害赤潮和原生动物的关系密切。     

福建东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻的分子系统分类和遗传多样性研究

本研究利用核糖体大亚基5'端序列PCR-RFLP以及转录单元内间隔区(Internal TranlsclqIbed Sppacer,rrS)序列分析相结合的方法,首次对福建东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻进行了分子系统分类和遗传多样性研究.PCR-RFLP分析发现东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻都属于C系群共生藻,而ITS序列的序列分析结果表明东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻都属于C1亚系群.研究结果表明ITS序列进化速度快,适合于造礁石珊瑚共生藻属亚系群水平的鉴定.而东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻的多样性低,暗示东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻共生系统面对外界环境压力的适应能力较低.     

几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究

采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01).     

石油在水溶液中的光化学降解

光化学降解是海洋环境中石油去除的主要途径之一.研究在高压汞灯照射下石油烃水溶组分(WSF)的光降解.结果显示在高压汞灯下,石油WSF能够明显降解.其降解过程受溶液介质及重金属离子(Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Cd2 ,Zn2 )的影响.在反应的初始阶段,石油WSF降解得很快,符合一级反应动力学规律.经过大约2 h后,浓度变化缓慢.在所选用的实验条件下,光降解常数的范围在0.011 8～0.023 5 min-1之间.     

基于微地震技术的油田裂缝监测及模拟

研制了1套以三分量MEMS检波器为核心硬件的微地震监测系统,并结合GPS系统对监测过程进行精确授时.同时编制数据化记录和处理软件,实现网络化自动监测功能;通过开发计算机判别标准和实时定位理论系统,对数据和微震源进行自动化处理和计算.利用该系统对东辛油田营11进行了6个月现场注水微震监测,对监测数据的处理表明营11注水区域裂缝发育方向基本上为NE90°-NE125°,与地应力裂缝模拟结果相符较好,两者结合给出了这个地区合理开发部署建议.     

膨胀石墨吸附重油的热力学研究

研究膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附热力学行为.结果表明:在293～308 K,含油量为2.172～18.11 mg·dm-3实验浓度范围内,膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附是放热过程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程.根据热力学函数关系计算出膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的标准吸附焓变为-39.49 kJ·mol-1,标准吉布斯自由能变为-22.40～-23.50 kJ·mol-1,说明吸附过程可自发进行.     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of attached Ulvaceae species and free-floating Enteromorpha from Qingdao coasts in 2007

Based on the sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 1,5.8 S,and ITS 2,the molecular phylogeny was analyzed on Ulvaceae species collected from Qingdao coasts in summer of 2007,including 15 attached Ulva and Enteromorpha samples from 10 locations and 10 free-floating Enteromorpha samples from seven locations.The result supported the monophyly of all free-floating Enteromorpha samples,implying the unialgal composition of the free-floating Enteromorpha,and the attached Ulvaceae species from Qingdao coasts were grouped into other five clades,suggesting that they were not the biogeographic origin of the free-floating Enteromorpha in that season.     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang （3 597 m） and Shibantang （3 689 m） located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8.4-7. 7r ka, cold and wet during 7.7-6. 5 ka, cold and dry during 6. 5-4.7 ka, cool and wet during 4.7-2. 1 ka, warm and wet during 2. 1-1.0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.