桥梁工程跨河水准测量设计与实践

系统地分析和总结桥梁工程跨河水准测量的基本理论、方法和技术要点,对各种跨河水准测量方法的适用条件及其优缺点进行分析比较。最后,以某特大型桥梁工程的三角高程跨河水准测量为例进行了验证。     

精密水准资料检查应注意的问题

通过对精密水准资料的二级检查,剔除其中的纰漏与错误,把一份完整、全面、优秀的资料交与上级部门。     

利用PLSA技术进行图像分割

引用概率潜语义分析(PLSA)技术作了航空影像图像分割的尝试,介绍了PLSA图像分割的原理方法和分割的具体算法。通过三幅航空影像分割实验,并与生物地理学图像分割(BBOIS)方法和基于吸引子算法的结果作了对比,结果表明,本文方法具有一定的优越性,是一个很有潜力的图像分割方法。     

利用语义的多版本网络覆盖服务模式匹配方法

提出了一种基于节点相似度的语义模式匹配方法,首先对元素标签进行概念化,其次计算元素标签间的语义关系,再次计算节点概念并转化成合取范式CNF,最后利用命题可满足性问题解决器SAT验证节点间的概念关系。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了匹配的查全率、精度和整体质量。     

结构光系统结合数码相机的小物体高质量纹理重建

针对双鸟饕餮纹夔神鼍鼓等小文物或其他小型物体,提出了基于结构光扫描系统结合普通高分辨率单反数码相机的纹理重建方法。该方法具有自动化程度高、效率和质量高的特点,其中主要解决了单张高分辨率影像与物体几何模型的自动配准,以及配准后从多张影像生成无缝纹理模型的问题。实验证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种地形图快速扫描矢量化方法

提出了利用adobe的Steamline以及AutoCAD、CorelDraw对纸介图进行扫描矢量化的方法，该方法的主要功能是原图扫描、扫描图矢量化及矢量图校正的处理。经实践应用，其速度、精度等均可满足一般地理信息系统的要求。     

GPS精密定位中的海潮位移改正

根据海洋负荷潮理论，利用NAO99b全球海潮模型，计算了中国部分IGS站的海潮位移改正，并将海潮位移改正应用到GPS数据处理当中。在GAMIT软件的解算过程中，分别按加入和不加入海潮位移改正，对GPS基线分量和测站坐标分别进行了计算和比较分析。结果表明，海潮位移改正无论是对GPS基线分量还是对测站坐标，都有一定的影响。     

基于约束点的曲线一致性化简

详细探讨了基于平面上的特征约束点(无论在曲线上还是在曲线外)的曲线化简,并针对各种情况提出了一致性化简的方法。     

中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感调查

针对“中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感调查”的需要,综合运用景观生态学理论、生态系统服务功能理论、可持续发展理论、遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感数据的处理与集成,开展中国西部地区土地覆被和生态要素结构变化分析、沙漠化和水土流失强度评价、生态脆弱特征及时空分布规律分析、基于遥感调查的生态环境质量评价、基于多时相遥感数据对比的典型区生态环境遥感分析和生态环境变化成因对策分析等综合性的研究,并以量化和可视化的形式系统地反映西部地区生态环境现状及其变化的空间分布、空间统计和空间特征规律。     

Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Increasing interest in wetlands for environmental management requires an understanding of the location, spatial extent, and configuration of the resource. The National Wetlands Inventory is the most commonly used data source for this information. However, its accuracy is limited in some contexts, such as agricultural and forested wetlands. An large number of studies have mapped wetlands worldwide from the perspective of land use and land cover change. However, information on the actual wetland planting areas annually is limited, which greatly impacts ongoing research. In this case study of the West Songnen Plain, we developed a simple algorithm for the quick mapping of wetlands by utilizing their unique physical features, such as annual display of phenological land-cover change of exposed soils, shallow flooding water, and plants from multi-temporal Landsat images. Temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from Landsat images in 2010 for wetlands at different growth stages were analyzed. Results show that during the ante-tillering phase, the NDVI value (above zero) is lower than the LSWI value of paddies because of flooding of shallow water; during the reproductive and ripening phases, the NDVI value is higher than the LSWI value (above zero); and during the post-harvest wetland planting phase, the NDVI value is still higher than the LSWI value, but the LSWI value is negative. Wetland areas can be detected using one or two images in the optimum time window. The algorithm based on the difference of NDVI and LSWI values derived from Landsat images was used to extract the actual wetland planting area. Validated alongside statistical data, the algorithm showed high accuracy. Therefore, this algorithm highlights the unique features of wetlands and can help in mapping the actual wetland area annually on a regional scale. Results further indicate that the new method has a classification accuracy of 92 %. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM registered accuracy rates of only 83 % and 87 % respectively.