基于HJ-1A高光谱影像的湿地精细分类

混合像元的存在不仅影响了基于高光谱影像的地物识别和分类精度,而且已成为遥感科学向定量化发展的主要障碍。本文以扎龙湿地为试验区,以环境一号卫星采集的高光谱影像为数据源,分别采用传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(fully constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, FCLS)与基于稀疏约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(sparse constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, SUFCLS)实现了试验区湿地的精细分类,并对两种分类结果的表现及其分类精度进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：SUFCLS算法能够自适应的从光谱库中选择场景中所占比例最高的一组端元,并将此端元的组合应用于传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混中实现不同湿地类型丰度的提取,该算法充分考虑了端元的空间异质性,弥补了FCLS算法在端元选取过程中的不足。精度验证结果表明与FCLS算法相比,SUFCLS算法分类结果的均方根误差更小,丰度的相关系数更高,因此该方法对于提高湿地解混精度以及实现湿地精细化分类具有重要意义。     

Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm

The exponential growth of natural language text data in social media has contributed a rich data source for geographic information. However, incorporating such data source for GIS analysis faces tremendous challenges as existing GIS data tend to be geometry based while natural language text data tend to rely on natural language spatial relation (NLSR) terms. To alleviate this problem, one critical step is to translate geometric configurations into NLSR terms, but existing methods to date (e.g. mean value or decision tree algorithm) are insufficient to obtain a precise translation. This study addresses this issue by adopting the random forest (RF) algorithm to automatically learn a robust mapping model from a large number of samples and to evaluate the importance of each variable for each NLSR term. Because the semantic similarity of the collected terms reduces the classification accuracy, different grouping schemes of NLSR terms are used, with their influences on classification results being evaluated. The experiment results demonstrate that the learned model can accurately transform geometric configurations into NLSR terms, and that recognizing different groups of terms require different sets of variables. More importantly, the results of variable importance evaluation indicate that the importance of topology types determined by the 9-intersection model is weaker than metric variables in defining NLSR terms, which contrasts to the assertion of ‘topology matters, metric refines’ in existing studies.     

电力系统元件非线性微分-代数子系统模型的逆系统控制:一种新算法

针对电力系统元件非线性微分-代数子系统模型,本文提出一种新算法研究其逆系统控制问题.所提出的新算法不需要对控制输出及其高阶导数做复杂的变换,具有更好的应用性.本文的逆系统控制方法主要分为两步：第1步,利用所提出的新算法来判断被控元件的可逆性,若可逆,则基于状态反馈与动态补偿,构造出元件的α阶积分右逆系统,实现复合系统的线性化和解耦;第2步,利用线性控制的理论和方法设计闭环控制器,使得元件被控对象满足期望的性能指标.最后按照本文所提出的方法,研究了多机电力系统的分散非线性汽门控制问题.仿真结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

深海底钻机自动接杆卸杆储管机构

本文介绍了一种深海底使用的钻杆钻具储管机构的工作原理和结构特点。按照深海底钻孔工艺,设计了自动接杆、卸杆、存储机构。这一种机构采用两个单排转笼式储管架,分别存放钻杆和钻具管组件。每一个储管架各配备一双机械手,用于夹持钻杆和钻具在孔口位和储管架管口位之间的移送和卡紧定位。该机构可靠性高,取心率高,结构简单,方便操作。     

Spatiotemporal variations of suspended sediment transport in the upstream and midstream of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (the upper Brahmaputra), China

The Yarlung Tsangpo River, which flows from west to east across the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, is the longest river on the plateau and an important center for human habitation in Tibet. Suspended sediment in the river can be used as an important proxy for evaluating regional soil erosion and ecological and environmental conditions. However, sediment transport in the river is rarely reported due to data scarcity. Results from this study based on a daily dataset of 3 years from four main stream gauging stations confirmed the existence of great spatiotemporal variability in suspended sediment transport in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, under interactions of monsoon climate and topographical variability. Temporally, sediment transport or deposition mainly occurred during the summer months from July to September, accounting for 79% to 93% of annual gross sediment load. This coincided with the rainy season from June to August that accounted for 51% to 80% of annual gross precipitation and the flood period from July to September that accounted for approximately 60% of annual gross discharge. The highest specific sediment yield of 177.6 t/km²/yr occurred in the upper midstream with the highest erosion intensity. The lower midstream was dominated by deposition, trapping approximately 40% of total sediment input from its upstream area. Sediment load transported to the midstream terminus was 10.43 Mt/yr with a basin average specific sediment yield of 54 t/km²/yr. Comparison with other plateau‐originated rivers like the upper Yellow River, the upper Yangtze River, the upper Indus River, and the Mekong River indicated that sediment contribution from the studied area was very low. The results provided fundamental information for future studies on soil and water conservation and for the river basin management. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

离散元法模拟吸力锚施工中生成的土塞研究

吸力锚是近年来在海洋工程中出现并得以迅速发展的一种新型基础形式。然而吸力锚施工中产生的土塞现象对顺利施工和安全使用构成了严重的威胁。文章采用了离散单元法来研究吸力锚施工中的土塞现象,并得到了一些结论。圆形刚性颗粒模型是文章中所采用的基本模型,同时动态松弛法成为基本的求解方法。     

青岛台体应变短周期气压系数变化原因探讨

青岛台体应变短周期(小于128 min)气压系数2018-01出现阶变，通过对观测系统、台站周边施工情况、监测环境等逐项现场核实，排除观测系统、周边施工的影响。利用离散小波变换和回归分析发现，钻孔水位的气压系数与体应变气压系数同步阶变，结合台站钻孔施工当天体应变钻孔水位变化、体应变趋势变化、其他相邻台站水位气压系数变化等数据认为，台站钻孔施工是导致体应变气压系数变化的原因，并定性分析其变化机理。     

地质文化村:科学内涵、建设内容与实施路径

伴随着"生态文明"、"乡村振兴"等国家战略的提出,地质文化村成为拓展服务领域、促进地质工作与社会经济发展融合的重要抓手。本文以地质文化村的六维属性为切入点,探讨了地质文化村的空间载体、建设主题、利益主体、主要功能、行为准则、价值导向等内涵,提出地质文化村是以村域为空间载体,以突出"地质+"或"+地质"文化为主题,以共建共享为发展模式,以多元化功能为特征,以"轻质建设"和"生态旅游"为基准,以人地关系和谐为目标的特色村落。建设重点应以乡村五大振兴为总纲,围绕基础设施和公共服务体系、地质文化产品IP、高效产业及项目、多元人才体系、地质保护措施、文化村管理机构等方面开展;未来应通过强化规划衔接、制定行业标准、开展全国试点、加大资金投入、搭建宣传营销平台和进行系统培训等路径,促进地质文化村的健康持续发展。     

利用C-F模型识别僵尸网络迁移

基于C-F模型识别僵尸网络的迁移,以僵尸网络迁移过程中表现出的多个特征为基础,提出了一种识别僵尸网络迁移的方法,能够协同多个特征判断给定的两批僵尸主机是否具有迁移关系。通过几个典型僵尸样本的评测,有效地识别了僵尸网络的迁移行为。与单纯采用IP地址重合度的方法进行了对比,在僵尸网络成员数量动态变化的情况下,仍然保持了理想的识别结果。     

The Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater Quantity,Quality,Hydrothermal Changes and Its Countermeasures

Groundwater, as a drinking water source for nearly one third of the world’s urban population, plays a strategic role in the development of urbanization. The object of this study is urban areas with the largest demand for water resources, the heaviest load of groundwater pollution and the most intense development of underground projects. This study sorted out the eco-hydrological problems such as the variation of the groundwater hydrological process, the groundwater pollution, and the urban heat island of groundwater in urban areas under the background of urbanization. Furthermore, the mechanism of changes in the quantity, quality and heat of groundwater was also systematically analyzed, and the intrinsic interaction among these three factors was revealed. The study showed that changes in land use and land cover caused by the urbanization are the main reasons for the variation of groundwater hydrological process. The pollution load of urbanization construction and domestic production waste has aggravated the deterioration of groundwater quality. The increase in vertical heat flux caused by urbanization gives rise to the warming of groundwater. By summarizing the eco-hydrological problems and causes of groundwater in urbanized areas, several suggestions were proposed: \mathrm{①} Establishing the evaluation method and system of urban groundwater resources; \mathrm{②} Speeding up the technological breakthroughs of groundwater pollution control; \mathrm{③} Improving the regional control strategies for groundwater pollution; \mathrm{④} Optimizing the allocation of groundwater resources. This study will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring urban water safety, building ecological civilized cities and further promoting the sustainable development of economy and society.