Tropical Precipitation Estimated by GPCP and TRMM PR Observations

In this study, tropical monthly mean precipitation estimated by the latest Global Precipitation Climatology Project （GPCP） version 2 dataset and Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Precipitation Radar （TRMM PR） are compared in temporal and spatial scales in order to comprehend tropical rainfall climatologically. Reasons for the rainfall differences derived from both datasets are discussed. Results show that GPCP and TRMM PR datasets present similar distribution patterns over the Tropics but with some differences in amplitude and location. Generally, the average difference over the ocean of about 0.5 mm d^-1 is larger than that of about 0.1 mm d^-1 over land. Results also show that GPCP tends to underestimate the monthly precipitation over the land region with sparse rain gauges in contrast to regions with a higher density of rain gauge stations. A Probability Distribution Function （PDF） analysis indicates that the GPCP rain rate at its maximum PDF is generally consistent with the TRMM PR rain rate as the latter is less than 8 mm d^-1. When the TRMM PR rain rate is greater than 8 mm d^-1, the GPCP rain rate at its maximum PDF is less by at least 1 mm d^-1 compared to TRMM PR estimates. Results also show an absolute bias of less than 1 mm d^-1 between the two datasets when the rain rate is less than 10 mm d^-1. A large relative bias of the two datasets occurs at weak and heavy rain rates.     

The lacustrine sedimentary records of coal-burning atmospheric pollution

With the acceleration of industrialization, coal- burning atmospheric pollution is getting more and more serious in many regions in China. However, there are only about ten odd years literature records about pollution in some large and mid-sized cities, where the atmosphere has perhaps been polluted for several decades, and therefore it is difficult to know the process and characteristic of pollution, and diffi-cult to evaluate its damage to environment. Lacustrine sediment, a natural record w…     

Stability and accuracy analysis of the central difference method for real‐time substructure testing

The central difference method (CDM) that is explicit for pseudo‐dynamic testing is also believed to be explicit for real‐time substructure testing (RST). However, to obtain the correct velocity dependent restoring force of the physical substructure being tested, the target velocity is required to be calculated as well as the displacement. The standard CDM provides only explicit target displacement but not explicit target velocity. This paper investigates the required modification of the standard central difference method when applied to RST and analyzes the stability and accuracy of the modified CDM for RST. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of human activity on the estuary of the Qiantang River and the reclamation of tidal flats and river regulation

The swing of the main channel of the Qiantang River is controlled by the high-water and low-water changes in the river, as well as the impact of large-scale reclamation of tidal flats. Its evolution in modern times is the result of the combined functions of natural and man-made factors. This paper analyzes the cause of the formation of the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow and proposes the regulation principle of “To regulate the river and reclaim tidal flats by taking the advantage of local topography”. It is suggested to cut off the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow completely to restrict the swing of the main channel and to increase the reclamation area of the tidal flat at the same time.     

国家自然科学基金地理科学申请代码的调整优化

学科申请代码调整优化是国家自然科学基金委员会"科学基金学科布局改革"任务的重要组成部分和切入点。本文回顾了地理学科申请代码的历史沿革,系统梳理了当前版本地理学科申请代码存在的问题,论述了新版(2021版)申请代码体系的架构理念、遵循原则、形成过程,着重阐释了新申请代码的历史沿革、科学内涵与学科定位。新版申请代码体系较以往版本有以下4个显著特征:①逻辑更自洽,一级代码名称由"地理学(D01)"改为"地理科学(D01)";②学科更融合,取消三级申请代码,仅设二级申请代码,更能体现学科的交叉融合;③领域更全面,针对学科发展趋势及经济社会发展需求,增加了"灾害地理""土地科学""地理大数据与空间智能"等新兴学科、领域的代码;④技术更重视,增设"地理观测与模拟技术",鼓励面向地理科学问题研究所需关键工具、仪器的研制。     

云南镍钴矿成矿规律及找矿方向

镍、钴是我国重要的紧缺战略性矿产, 其保障程度对国家稳定和发展具有重要意义。云南省作为有色金属王国, 已发现了镍矿床(点)42处, 钴矿床(点)48处, 查明资源量位于全国前列, 具有较好的镍、钴矿找矿潜力。本文在前人研究工作基础上, 梳理了云南省镍、钴矿床的成因类型、时空分布和成矿作用, 总结成矿规律, 并探讨找矿方向。云南省镍、钴矿床可划分为岩浆型、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、受变质型、中-低温热液型和风化型6种矿床类型。镍、钴矿主要集中于扬子陆块及三江造山带, 镍矿床主要形成于印支期及喜马拉雅期, 钴矿床主要形成于喜马拉雅期、晋宁期及印支期。岩浆型和风化型镍、钴矿床与印支期扬子陆块的基性-超基性岩侵入活动关系密切, 中-低温热液型钴矿与喜马拉雅期的构造活动相关, 海相火山岩型和受变质型钴矿则是位于扬子陆块内与晋宁期火山活动相关的昆阳群和大红山岩群中。通过对全省镍、钴矿成矿作用分析和成矿规律总结, 结合潜力评价工作成果, 全省共圈定8处找矿远景区。为云南省新一轮找矿突破战略行动镍、钴矿勘查部署提供思路。     

湘西北页岩层地震反射波组特征研究

湘西北地区发育寒武系下统牛蹄塘组、志留系下统龙马溪组两套富有机质黑色页岩。通过合成地震记录和已知地质特征推断反射层位的方法,对两套含烃黑色页岩层的地震地质特征、波组层位识别、波组特征进行了分析对比,总结出湘西北地区页岩层地震反射波所具有的典型特征:龙马溪组存在3~4个强相位,主频集中在30Hz左右;牛蹄塘组存在3个强反射界面,因深度加大,其主频集中在20Hz左右。由于龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组二组地层间距达2 500~3 000m,因此在湘西北地区将二组地层的反射波视作一个波系,其二维地震剖面存在3个波组4个反射层位或3个波组3个反射层位,三个波组分别为龙马溪组,中寒武底界及牛蹄塘组。另外因龙马溪组砂质泥岩段具有低速、低密度、低电阻率、高放射性等特征,其界面波阻抗差异较大,可作为本区的地震波标志层位。     

湘黔汞矿带相关成矿问题的讨论

湘黔汞矿带的含汞建造与生油层系的特征相似,汞矿床的形成和油气的聚集一样具有“生、储、盖”的成矿地质条件。中寒武统敖溪组及下寒武统清虚洞组既是汞矿的容矿层,也是汞矿的矿源层。汞的成矿流体是一种以地下水为主、包括油气在内的混合热液,成矿作用是在低温低压高盐度的还原环境中进行的,属于沉积成岩－地下水热液的成因类型。     

泉水动态分析预测和资源评价——以辉县百泉为例

本文通过对辉县百泉泉水流量动态的分析，确定了泉水流量动态的影响因素，建立了泉水流量的衰减方程和泉水流量的预测模型，预测了天然状态泉水流量，评了泉域岩溶水的开采资源。