广义纵弯褶皱叠加机制、类型及其应用

早期褶皱的迁移机制和迁移型叠加类型的发现扩大了对广义纵弯褶皱叠加机制和类型的认识。广义叠加机制有多种,其中包括迁移和位移,褶皱变缓和展平,岩层变陡和变缓等。广义叠加类型中除基本类型外还有限制型、展平残留型、叠加挠曲、共轴重褶等。本文将用几个地质实例予以说明。此外还将讨论叠加褶皱层应变和小构造的多成因和应用问题,其中包括斜纵弯应变和褶皱变缓展平引起的应变和小构造。     

山东蓬家夼金矿的基本地质特征及其找矿方向

通过工作,认为该区中生代构造体系以走滑构造为主,走滑以在蓬家夼地区转换为拉张,在白垩纪莱阳组砾岩与下无古界荆山群变质杂岩之间一剥离断层,蓬家夼金矿产于该剥离断层内,为区内火山活动期间在大气水参一下形成的层间滑动角砾岩型金矿。通过对区内地质体变形特征的研究,认为蓬有夼金矿在三维空间上的应呈倾向１５５°±１０°、倾角４５°±１０°的大的复式透镜体,可望成为大型金矿。     

基于局部和值比的GPS接收机P码频域直接捕获技术研究

GPS接收机采用码分多址(CDMA)方式进行卫星分址和测距,它需要对接收到的卫星信号进行跟踪、解扩解调和导航电文获取等,并利用捕获到的至少3颗卫星信号进行目标定位。 GPS接收机实现的关键技术包括伪随机码(PN)如C/A码、P码的生成和捕获、定位算法的实现等,C/A码短、易于直接捕获、用于粗测距,P码特长、难于直接捕获、用于精测距。P码直接捕获分为时域法和频域法,频域法比时域法效率高。P码频域的直接捕获法分为扩展复制重叠法XFAST和均值法,本文深入地研究了这些捕获法特点,提出了进一步提高P码捕获效率的基于局部和值比的P码直接捕获法,文中对结果进行了分析。     

地质学家与可持续发展

可持续发展是我国的基本战略之一,地质学家将架起人类通向可持续发展的“桥梁”。为了保持可持续发展,地质学家应该做到：（１）寻找和开发更多的矿产资源,同时保护矿产开发环境;（２）为满足不断增长的人口对粮食的需求做出贡献;（３）提供充足的水资源并做好水资源的管理工作;（４）准确预测,预报和防治各种地质灾害,保护生态环境。     

Prediction of Hidden Ore Bodies using Integrated Geology, Source of Fluids and Stratagem EH4 Geophysical Survey in Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposit in Xinjiang, China

The Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit is located in the Sawur gold belt in Xinjiang, China. An integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical investigation was carried out in the Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit, to determine the extension of the principal mineralized system, in the search for new resources. Re‐examination of the rocks and structures in the Kuoerzhenkuola area showed that the study area features an elliptical caldera where the gold deposit lies. A re‐investigation of the mine geology found that the mineralization at the Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit is not controlled by the EW‐striking regional fault as previously assumed, but by a caldera fracture system locally superimposed by regional faults; the host rocks are andesites and dacites of the Carboniferous Heishantou Group rather than the crypto‐explosive breccia of the Devonian Sawurshan Group. Gas components of fluid inclusions from quartz, trace element chemistry of pyrite and fluid inclusions in pyrite, Pb isotopes of pyrite, and whole‐rock geochemistry and Pb isotopes of the country rocks are used to study the source of fluids at Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit. The ore‐forming fluids are characterized by low–moderate temperatures and low salinities estimated from fluid inclusion microthermometry. Quadrupole mass spectrometry indicated a CO₂‐bearing fluid. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry of the fluid inclusions indicated high Cu (average 70 ppm) for the Au mineralization, whereas the host rocks have low Cu (average 33 ppm), indicating that Cu of the ore‐forming fluids originated from magmatic fluid rather than the volcanic rocks. Pb isotopes of ores and host volcanic rocks indicate a similar, mixed source and some Pb could be sourced from the volcanism. This implied that magmatic fluids could play an important role in the Au mineralization process. These new geological findings and the fluids derived mainly from the magmatic fluids suggest that the ore‐forming fluids originate at depth, and are transported and precipitated within the caldera fracture system. Thus, we proposed a conceptual target area at depth. A detailed Stratagem EH4 measurement was carried out to test the validity of the conceptual target. Stratagem EH4 soundings over six parallel traverses perpendicular to the mineralized trend showed that the caldera fracture system could extend for approximately 900 m in the dip direction at the center of the caldera, an indication of the presence of potential deep mineralization under the surveyed area. Detailed modeling of the Stratagem EH4 sounding images provided well‐defined targets for test drilling. Subsequent test drilling on one of these targets, which extends down 850 m at an angle of 87°, returned encouraging results because four core‐intercepts of gold ore bodies at down‐hole depths of 40.5–42.0 m, 70.5–73.5 m, 357.0–358.5 m, and 384.5–385.5 m and a long interval gold mineralized body (0–720 m) were encountered.     

Locating Mechanism of Quartz Vein Gold Deposits in Rushan, Shandong Province

According to the differences in ore-controlling structural systems and the characteristics of host rocks, textures and structures of ores and mineral associations of ores, quartz vein-type gold deposits in the Rushan area can be divided into the Rushan and Tongling styles. Rushan style gold deposits, occurring in the Kunyushan complex, include Rushan, Tangjiagou and Tongxishan gold mines. They are distributed along four NNE-trending and sinistral, compresso-shear faults with a right stepping array. A prominent characteristic of the gold mineralization is that the orebodies in neighbouring gold deposits distributed in a single ore-controlling fault zone take opposite pitches. Study of the locating structures of the quartz vein gold deposits shows that the Rushan-style gold deposits are characterized by NNE and NE zoning. Therefore, the intersections of the NE direction of the known gold deposit and the neighbouring NNE-trending fault zones are favourable for looking for gold deposits, and the ends of the     

山东铜岭金矿的矿体定位构造

铜岭金矿位于山东省乳山市东南部,产在三佛山斑状二长花岗岩中,为含金石英脉型金矿。在三佛山岩体边部发育弧形脉岩群,铜岭金矿就位于该弧形脉岩群的弧顶外端,走向ＮＷ,与区内脉岩群垂直,据此提出铜岭金矿受三佛山岩体构造控矿的看法。铜岭金矿矿体的定位还受蚀变带宽度变化的影响,往往产于蚀变带狭缩处与膨大处的转换部位。铜岭金矿矿石金品位及矿体厚度在走向和倾向上均呈串珠状或波状变化。     

伽玛能谱测量在鲁西地区金矿预测中的应用

鲁西地区伽玛能谱测量应用实践表明,伽玛能谱测量是一种简便、快速、有效的间接找金方法,不同类型的金矿其伽玛能谱特征不相同,具有不同的伽玛能谱参数．与中浅成中酸性侵入杂岩体有关的金矿个有Ｋ／Ｕ参数正异常;与浅成和越浅成偏碱性－碱性杂岩体有关的稳爆角砾岩型金矿则具有一致的Ｕ、Ｔｈ、Ｋ有Ｆ参数正异常。     

准格尔煤田特厚煤层开采底板破坏特征综合测试研究

鄂尔多斯盆地准格尔煤田某矿石炭-二叠系6煤层为特厚煤层,平均可采厚度17.0 m,其底板受到灰岩水的威胁。针对这种情况,现场采用分布式光纤传感及跨孔电阻率CT原位综合测试技术,先后获得了采动过程中多个工作面底板破坏应变场及地电场响应特征数据。结合岩样加载变形破坏的判别阈值参数及探测实践,对采区内4个工作面底板测试数据进行综合分析,获得了区内底板岩层破坏空间特征及其规律认识。分析认为底板破坏在垂向上具有明显的分带性,采区工作面底板破坏深度在7.2~16.5 m,主要破坏层位在细砂岩以上层段,扰动影响最大深度在33 m左右,主要扰动层位在砂质泥岩以上层段;底板破坏在横向上具有超前性,超前距离在25~60 m范围;区内工作面底板破坏特征具有一定的相似性,动压影响下的底板损伤程度在空间上呈东北区域浅、西南区域深的分布规律。原位测试所获得的数据对区内6煤层水害防治及安全开采具有指导作用。