不同颜色青海软玉微观形貌和矿物组成特征

青海软玉颜色丰富,近年来对青海软玉矿物学的研究不少,但针对不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征的研究还存在欠缺。本文利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针及粉晶X射线衍射仪器,从透闪石微形貌特征、微观结构、矿物组成及结晶度四个方面,研究了青海软玉颜色与矿物学特征的对应关系。结果表明:白玉、烟青玉、糖玉中透闪石主要为纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构,结晶度为96. 12%～96. 88%;青白玉和翠青玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片变晶结构,结晶度为97. 35%,97. 32%;青玉和碧玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片-隐晶质变晶结构,结晶度为95. 48%,95. 29%;黄玉中透闪石主要为柱状,显微柱状变晶结构,结晶度为97. 84%。青海软玉主要组成矿物均为透闪石,含量在95%以上,部分次要矿物如翠青玉中的榍石、黄玉中的钙长石、青玉中的菱镁矿、碧玉中的铬铁矿、糖玉中的斜黝帘石只出现在特定颜色的青海软玉样品中。研究认为不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征确实存在差异,这些特征为研究不同颜色青海软玉成矿环境及成矿条件提供了科学依据。     

地学家袁复礼先生与第四纪地质学 ——纪念袁复礼先生逝世20周年

袁复礼(1893.12.31~1987.5.22),字希渊,河北徐水县人。著名地质学家、教授、教育家。1913年考入清华学校高等科,1915年获庚子赔款奖学金赴美深造。1920年获硕士学位,1921年回国进入地质调查所工作,从此献身地质事业。他是中国地质学会的创立会员,曾任清华大学教授、地学系主任,北京大学、西南联合大学、北京地质学院、中国地质大学教授。从教60余年,培养了几代地质人才,对中国的地质教育事业做出了重要贡献。他1924年开设了《地文学》课程,1953年开始编写了我国第一本《中国第四纪地质学》教材,他的文章涉及到第四纪地质、地貌、新构造运动等各个方面,是我国当代地貌学和第四纪地质学的奠基人。     

Atypical occlusion process caused by the merger of a sea-breeze front and gust front

An atypical occlusion process that occurred in North China on 14 July 2011 is studied based on both observations and a real-data Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. The results show that this atypical occlusion process was significantly different from the traditional, synoptic-scale occlusion process that occurs within extratropical cyclones. It was caused by the merger of two cold-type mesoscale fronts. One of the fronts developed from the gust front of convective storms, while the other was a sea-breeze front. As the two fronts moved towards each other, the warm air between them was squeezed and separated from the surface. An atypical occluded front was formed when the two fronts merged, with the warm air forced aloft. This kind of occlusion is termed a "merger" process, different from the well-known "catch-up" and "wrap-up" processes. Moreover, local convection was found to be enhanced during the merger process, with severe convective weather produced in the merger area.     

不同类型的高位虾池排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响

中国多数红树林陆地边缘存在着大量的养虾池塘。这些养虾池塘可通过：（1）换塘外排废水,（2）清塘直排污泥影响周围的红树林。本研究共包含两个实验,来探讨这两种类型的排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验一模拟虾池常规换塘情况,研究换塘废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验二设置四种虾池清塘污泥沉积厚度（0 cm,2 cm,4 cm,8 cm）,研究虾池清塘污泥的累积效应对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。结果如下：在5,15和25三种盐度下,虾池换塘废水未对秋茄生长指标造成显著影响;而清塘污泥对秋茄生长的影响与其沉积厚度有关,大多数生长参数在污泥沉积厚度为4 cm时呈现最大值。秋茄幼苗在适量的沉积厚度下加速了生长,且本实验秋茄幼苗对虾池清塘污泥的耐受性为沉积厚度8 cm。     

THE APPLICATION OF MINIATURE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO MW6.6 EARTHQUAKE

In order to complete the field investigation to the 25 November 2016 Arketao M_W6.6 earthquake, ultra-low altitude remote-sensing data were obtained from miniature unmanned aerial vehicle. The surface rupture surveying has important significance for earthquake research. This paper selects the macro-epicenter of Arketao as the study area. The pictures were obtained with DJI Phantom 3 professional input into the software, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) were acquired based on photogrammetry method using the overlapped optical remote-sensing images of UAV. Using these data, we can identify surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. We selected six feature points and drew the elevation profile. In the elevation profile map, we chose smooth part of the surface rupture sides and obtained the trend line. A stable point in the surface rupture was selected and the abscissa of the point was taken into the equation of two straight lines. Then subtracting the results of the two equations, we can get the vertical dislocation of the surface rupture. On this basis, we chose six feature points and determined their vertical dislocation, which are between 4.4cm and 10.4cm. What's more, taking Bulungkou Xiang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for example, we speculated some surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. It can provide a new method for identifying surface rupture in the field. In addition, we get DEM data of the Bulunkou area where ambient conditions are very poor, by using miniature unmanned aerial vehicle and taking 255 photos. Putting those photos into the EasyUAV software, we got the area digital elevation of 2cm resolution. Comparing these data with RTK data, we summarized some practical problems and solutions in the practical operation and evaluated the accuracy of miniature unmanned aerial vehicle data. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is 0.996 6. In terms of absolute elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 156.96m. In terms of relative elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 9.74m. Compared with the previous test of Pishan County, there is a notable divergence in the results. It shows that the data accuracy will be affected to some extent in the cold weather in high elevations. The specific impact needs further exploration.     

常见载金矿物对金的吸附差异性实验研究

用模拟实验与理论综合分析相结合的方法,研究了黄铁矿等常见载金矿物对络合溶液体系中金的吸附差异性。结果表明：在Ａｕ（）－ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中,同一粒级的不同种载金矿物对金的吸附性显示出较大差异,其中黄铁矿的吸附性最强,大大超过其它载金矿物,金的吸附量高达８９％;其次是方铅矿、石英和毒砂;吸附性相对最弱的是黄铜矿,吸附量仅为９％。这与天然金矿床中上述各矿物的含金性情况基本一致,从吸附性角度为解释矿物的含金性差异提供了实验依据。     

PS Vir:a short-period solar-like contact binary

We present multi-color photometric observations and a one-dimensional spectrum, acquired from March 2016 to May 2017, for the short-period eclipsing binary PS Vir, by using the 2.16-m,85-cm and 60-cm telescopes at Xinglong station, which is administered by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The spectral type was determined as G2V from the onedimensional spectrum. The photometric solution was reduced from BV Rc light curves. The results imply that PS Vir is a W-subtype contact binary with a mass ratio of q = 0.305(±0.008) and a fill-out factor of f = 14.4(±1.8)%. The orbital period may be undergoing a cyclic oscillation with an amplitude of A = 0.0027(±0.0001) d and a modulated period of 11.7(±0.2) yr, which may result from the light-time effect due to a third body. The lower limit on mass for the assumed component is 0.12 M⊙.Moreover, the more massive component of PS Vir may be a bit more evolved star as determined from the mass-luminosity diagram.     

南极菲尔德斯半岛潮间带沉积物细菌的多样性及分离菌产酶测定

摘要:南极菲尔德斯半岛具有多种不同特征的生态地理微环境,如长城科考站、企鹅岛、生物湾与黄金湾流域、半岛南部、碧玉滩等。这些区域因水文地质、动植物分布、人类活动程度等不同而具有明显的生态地理差异。本研究从这些微环境海岸潮间带采集了7份代表性沉积物样品,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法,对其细菌类群的多样性以及环境理化因子的影响进行了比较分析;同时采用常规可培养鉴定方法,对样品的分离菌株产酶状况进行了初步测定。结果表明：整体上看,所有样品的细菌类群主要分布在45门、104纲、442属当中,表现出比较高的多样性。其中,优势菌门Proteobacteria主要分布在半岛南部、碧玉滩和生物湾潮间带沉积物物中,优势菌门Bacteroidetes主要分布在企鹅岛两侧和黄金湾潮间带沉积物,长城站潮间带沉积物的优势门为Firmicutes。相似生态微环境的潮间带沉积物具有不同的优势菌门和纲;而不同生态微环境潮间带沉积物却具相同的优势菌门和纲。有机氮（TON）、NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P、NO2--N含量与企鹅岛两侧、生物湾、黄金湾潮间带沉积物的菌群多样性具有相关性,其中TON对生物湾样品的影响最大,而有机碳（TOC）对所有样品的影响较小。分离菌株的产酶实验表明：在企鹅岛、生物湾、黄金湾等动物频繁出没的潮间带样品中,蕴藏着一批产淀粉酶、酪蛋白酶、脂肪酶、七叶苷酶、过氧化氢酶能力较强菌株,这为今后进一步的应用开发提供了宝贵的低温产酶菌株来源。 关键词: 菲尔德斯半岛; 潮间带沉积物; 细菌类群多样性; 产酶菌株     

印尼热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3产琼胶酶的发酵条件优化

采用响应面法对1株高产琼胶酶的印度尼西亚热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件进行优化。首先以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子及接种量作为唯一变量进行单因素实验, 筛选出对酶活有显著影响的单因素取值范围; 参考单因素实验结果, 采用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响酶活主要因素, 再利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析以确定最佳发酵条件。结果表明, D-甘露糖、氯化锶和氯化钙与酶活存在着显著的相关性, 通过求解回归方程得到Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件系统优化的结果为: 酵母粉0.3%、D-甘露糖0.66%、蛋白胨0.6%、氯化钙7.21mmol/L、氯化锶6.00mmol/L、氯化钠添加量6‰、培养温度为55℃、接种量1%、初始pH 6.0, 优化后发酵上清液的酶活达到6.0U/mL, 比优化前提高了2.4倍。     

西藏谢通门县雄村斑岩型铜金矿床成因讨论——来自元素的空间分布特征的证据

西藏谢通门县雄村铜金矿的成矿与含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩有关,并至少受3个玢岩岩枝控制。主成矿元素为Cu,伴生元素为Au、Ag、Zn、Pb,其他微量元素Mo、As、Ba、Bi、Cd、Co、Mn、Ni、Sb含量较高。元素在垂向上具有分带特征,即从矿体中心向外可依次划分为Cu、Au、Ag、As、Sb、(Bi)→Co、Ni→Mo→Mn→Ba→Pb、Zn、Cd、Bi、(Sb),上述元素的异常和组合是寻找和评价该类矿床的重要地球化学标志。矿床的形成经历了早期Cu—Au—Ag成矿和晚期Zn—Pb—Cu—Au—Ag成矿两个阶段:早期成矿阶段形成了Cu—Au—Ag主矿体,晚期叠加Zn—Pb—Cu—Au—Ag矿化。Cu与Au、Ag呈显著的正相关,Cu主要呈独立矿物黄铜矿产出,Au、Ag主要赋存于黄铜矿中。矿石的K/Na值为6.9、Rb/Sr值为0.8,显示出矿床矿富K、Sr和贫Na、Rb的成矿环境;而Au(平均品位0.6×10-6)0.4×10-6、Au(0.6×10-6)/Cu(0.4%)1和n(Cu)/n(Au)(为20678)40000以及Mo(19.7×10-6),说明该矿床富金而贫钼。矿床所处的大地构造位置,成矿与偏中性的斑岩有关,元素组合特征,异常元素在垂向上的分带特征,主成矿阶段的Cu—Au—Ag矿化和晚期叠加的Zn—Pb—Cu—Au—Ag矿化,富Cu、Au、Ag和贫Mo的成矿元素组合及富K、Sr和贫Na、Rb的成矿环境,均表明矿床具有产于岛弧或类似岛弧环境的斑岩型铜金矿床的特征且叠加斑岩成矿系统晚期呈脉状产出的浅成低温热液型Zn—Pb—Cu—Au—Ag矿化。