Dependence of the types of coasts and coastal eolian relief on the variations of the sea level using the example of the Caspian Sea

In this work, the history of the development of the Turali area (the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea) in the Late Holocene is under consideration. The analysis of the geological structure of the bay bar that separates the Bolshoy Turali lagoon from the sea, the granulometric analysis of the coastal deposits, and the data of geo-radar profiles make it possible to assert that the large eolian relief forms were formed during the New Caspian (Novokaspiyskoe) transgression of the Caspian Sea.     

Coupling winds to ocean surface currents over the global ocean

A Wind stress–Current Coupled System (WCCS) consisting of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and an improved wind stress algorithm based on Donelan et al. [Donelan, W.M., Drennan, Katsaros, K.B., 1997. The air–sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2087–2099] is developed by using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). The WCCS is applied to the global ocean to study the interactions between the wind stress and the ocean surface currents. In this study, the ocean surface current velocity is taken into consideration in the wind stress calculation and air–sea heat flux calculation. The wind stress that contains the effect of ocean surface current velocity will be used to force the HYCOM. The results indicate that the ocean surface velocity exerts an important influence on the wind stress, which, in turn, significantly affects the global ocean surface currents, air–sea heat fluxes, and the thickness of ocean surface boundary layer. Comparison with the TOGA TAO buoy data, the sea surface temperature from the wind–current coupled simulation showed noticeable improvement over the stand-alone HYCOM simulation.     

三维旋转扫描测量平台设计与实现

本设计主要用于360°旋转的三维扫描,实现角度数据的实时获取。设计中采用单片机控制交流伺服电机进行自定的角度、速度与方向的旋转并实时上传时间、角度数据至上位机进行处理,实现了对平台旋转精度的控制与检测,着重研究了该传感器误差源的产生,对实际应用中的误差进行了定量分析,利用偏心改正、4分频等方法减少了误差,提高了参数精度。角度范围为360°,角度分辨率为0.01°。     

快速制作地震灾区分县影像挂图

5·12汶川大地震,受灾地区破坏严重,为了及时地为灾区提供测绘服务保障,为满足灾区评估、重建规划等应急服务需要,实现"一县一图"供宏观分析、决策使用,我局利用航测遥感技术和基础地理信息数据,采用数字化软件简单、快速、可靠的方法,在很短的时间内完成了上级下达的任务,并对相关的技术进行了实验和总结,为今后的影像地图的研制提供了可靠的参考依据.     

Correcting underwater images distorted by surface waves

An experiment on the correction of underwater images distorted by waves at the air-water interface was conducted using a laboratory modeling installation intended for experimental examination of light and image transfer across a water surface covered with waves. A digital color camera was used for the simultaneous formation of the image of the underwater test object through the disturbed surface and of the superimposed glitter pattern. Both images are spectrally separated. Processing the glitter pattern makes it possible to obtain the values of the surface slopes at a limited number of points and to use these slopes for retrieval of image fragments. The total corrected image is formed by integration of about 300 partially corrected fragments. This image is close to that obtained through a wave-free water surface.     

Evaluation of chemical ozone loss in the stratosphere over the Kola Peninsula in the 2002/2003 winter from microwave sounding data

From long-term observations of ozone evolution in the stratosphere of the Kola Peninsula in the 2002/2003 winter, the rates of chemical destruction of ozone and its net loss at isentropic levels of 530 K (an altitude of about 22 km) and 465 K (an altitude of about 19 km) ar evaluated with consideration for diabatic descent of air masses. These rates were ?18.6±3.3 and ?14.3±2.9 ppb/day and the net loss of ozone due to its chemical destruction over the period from December 1, 2002, to March 5, 2003, reached 1.77±0.33 ppm and 1.36±0.29 ppm, respectively. At the lower level, these data are in satisfactory agreement (to within measurement errors) with other measurements that were taken at that time. At a potential-temperature level of 530 K, the ozone loss in the 2002/2003 season evaluated from our data and from similar microwave measurements performed in Kiruna (Sweden) virtually coincides and testifies to the fact that the net loss increases with altitude. These inferences are inconsistent with the results obtained with the Match technique and the method of averaging over a vortex, which indicate that the ozone loss decreases with altitude. However, since polar stratospheric clouds were detected regularly in December and early January at levels up to 600 K or higher, it may be suggested that the ozone loss at these altitudes can be comparable to the values found for isentropic levels of 465 to 475 K.     

Negative correlations of variations in near-water wind and surface wind waves

The relationship between the intensity of surface wind waves and near-water wind is analyzed. The data of measuring wind waves and near-water wind under natural conditions in the Black Sea (July 2004) and Norwegian Sea (June 2003, 16th cruise of the R/V Akademik Sergei Vavilov) are used. A phenomenon of negative correlations has been found between the intensity of wind waves and near-water wind in regions of substantial restructuring of wind waves in the field of inhomogeneous flows: wind-wave amplification during wind decay and vice versa. Examples of such observations are presented, a theoretical model is constructed for the observed phenomenon, and a good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.     

Variations in the concentration of mesospheric ozone during the total solar eclipse of March 29, 2006, from microwave radiometric data

We present the results of microwave observations of the ozone content variability in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere during a total solar eclipse of March 29, 2006 at the Kislovodsk high-altitude scientific station. An increase in the concentration of mesospheric ozone was recorded during the eclipse. At a height of 60 km, the ozone concentration increased by 40%, which is close to the value of diurnal ozone variations.     

Relationships between interannual variations in stratospheric warmings, tropospheric circulation, and sea surface temperature in the Northern Hemisphere

The leading modes of interannual and long-term variations in the stratospheric and tropospheric circulation and total ozone (TOMS data) and their relations to Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are investigated using the monthly mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the winter months of 1958–2003. Strong correlations are indicated between the interannual total ozone variations over Labrador and the North Atlantic and changes in the stratospheric polar vortex. The onset of major stratospheric warmings is connected not only with the strengthening of westerlies at the 500-hPa level in the midlatitude Atlantic, but also with the weakening of tropospheric winds over the north of eastern Siberia and strengthening over the Far East. In years with major stratospheric warmings, abnormally cold winters are observed in Eurasia, especially in eastern Siberia and northeastern China. The calculated simultaneous (with no time lags) correlations of the stratospheric circulation changes with El Niño/La Niña events give evidence of low correlations between the tropical Pacific SST anomalies and the stratospheric dynamics in the Arctic. However, there are high correlations of the extratropical Pacific and Atlantic SST anomalies with interannual tropospheric and stratospheric circulation variations, the stratospheric dynamics being more strongly connected with Pacific SST than with Atlantic SST anomalies. The interannual changes in tropospheric circulation are coupled to SST anomalies in both the Pacific and the Atlantic. Mechanisms of long-term changes in the interactive ocean-atmosphere-ozone layer system are discussed.