辽东太子河流域晚石炭世刺毛类生长形态与礁体建造的研究

晚石炭世莫斯科期刺毛类(Chaetetids)是重要的造礁生物,在全球范围内广泛分布并建造礁体。中国已报道的刺毛类礁主要分布在辽东太子河流域,产在上石炭统本溪组海相灰岩中。刺毛类生长形态多样,有层状、板状、丘状、分枝状和柱状,主要以板状覆盖沉积物的方式造礁。研究区刺毛类礁中刺毛类生长形态及其所主导的生物群落在垂向上变化明显,由此将礁体的建造划分为三个阶段:(1)定殖阶段:刺毛类较少,生长方式单一,多以层状形态生长在棘屑滩上。层状刺毛类体积小,抗浪能力较弱,很难在其周围创造水流平缓的可供其他底栖生物生存的环境。因而该阶段群落生物种类单一,数量稀少;(2)繁盛阶段:刺毛类丰富,生长形态多样,以板状、分枝状和丘状为主。板状刺毛类单独形成的礁骨架,或与分枝状和丘状刺毛类组合起来的礁骨架,都能在其周围一定范围营造适宜底栖生物生存的环境,因此该阶段群落的生物多样性高;(3)衰退阶段:刺毛类很少,多为薄层状,断续生长在棘屑组成的基底上。薄层状刺毛类很脆弱,基本失去改善周围环境的能力,因此该阶段群落生物多样性很低。以上分析说明刺毛类生长形态的变化可以影响生物群落的组成和演化。生物群落的演化过程就是礁体建造的过程。从刺毛类生长形态的角度研究礁体建造过程,为分析由具有多种生长形态的造礁生物建造的生物礁的成礁机制提供新思路。     

Characterization of DYRK2 (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2) from Zebrafish (Dario rerio)

Proteins of the DYRK(dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase) family are characterized by the presence of a conserved kinase domain and N-terminal DH box.DYRK2 is involved in regulating key developmental and cellular processes,such as neurogenesis,cell proliferation,cytokinesis,and cellular differentiation.Herein,we report that the ortholog of DYRK2 found in zebrafish shares about 70% identity with that of human,mouse,and chick.RT-PCR showed that DYRK2 is expressed maternally and zygotica...     

Quantitative comparison of the expression of myogenic regulatory factors in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos and adult tissues

MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin are myogenic regulatory factors that play important roles during myogenesis. It is thought that MyoD and Myf5 are required for myogenic determination, while myogenin is important for terminal differentiation and lineage maintenance. To better understand the function of myogenic regulatory factors in muscle development of flounder, an important economic fish in Asia, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to characterize the expression patterns of MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin at early stages of embryo development, and in different tissues of the adult flounder. The results show that, Myf5 is the first gene to be expressed during the early stages of flounder development, followed by MyoD and myogenin. The expressions of Myf5, yoD, and myogenin at the early stages have a common characteristic: expression gradually increased to a peak level, and then gradually decreased to an extremely low level. In the adult flounder, the expression of the three genes in muscle is much higher than that in other tissues, indicating that they are important for muscle growth and maintenance of grown fish. During embryonic stages, the expression level of MyoD might serve an important role in the balance between muscle cell differentiation and proliferation. When the MyoD expression is over 30% of its highest level, the muscle cells enter the differentiation stage.     

Eddy generation and evolution in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (NPSC) zone

The seasonal generation and evolution of eddies in the region of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of available data. We used TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data from 1992 to 2007 to study the eddy field in this zone. We found that velocity shear between this region and the neighboring North Equatorial Current contributes greatly to the eddy generation. Furthermore, the eddy kinetic energy level (EKE) shows an annual cycle, maximum in April/May and minimum in December/January. Analyses of the temporal and spatial distributions of the eddy field revealed clearly that the velocity shear closely related to baroclinic instability processes. The eddy field seems to be more zonal than meridional, and the energy containing length scale shows a surprising lag of 2–3 months in comparison with the 1-D and 2-D EKE level. A similar phenomenon is observed in individual eddies in this zone. The results show that in this eddy field band, the velocity shear may drive the EKE level change so that the eddy field takes another 2–3 months to grow and interact to reach a relatively stable state. This explains the seasonal evolution of identifiable eddies.     

Steroid sex hormone dynamics during estradiol-17β induced gonadal differentiation in Paralichthys olivaceus (Teleostei)

Steroid sex hormones, such as estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T), are important regulators of sex change in fish. In this study, we examined the effects of E2 treatment on the dynamics of E2 and T during gonadal differentiation in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using histology and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Flounder larvae were divided into five groups (G0-G4), and fed with 0 (control), 0.2, 2, 20 and 100 mg E2/kg feed from 35 to 110 day post hatching (dph). Fish growth in the G1 and G2 groups was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05), while fish in the G3 and G4 groups were less active and showed growth depression and high mortality. The gonads of fish in the G3 and G4 groups were smaller and surrounded by hyperplastic connective tissue. The frequency of females in the G0-G4 groups was 54.5%, 75.0%, 100%, 100% and 93.3%, respectively. The RIA analyses of E2 and T showed that T levels decreased during gonadal differentiation, and increased slightly at the onset of ovarian differentiation, while E2 levels increased gradually and peaked at the onset of ovarian differentiation in the control group. In the E2-treated groups, T levels decreased before the onset of ovarian differentiation. E2 levels were high on the 48 dph, but declined to a lower level on the 54 dph, and then increased gradually during gonadal differentiation. And a sharp increase of E2 levels were observed in all E2-treated groups at the onset of ovarian differentiation. The data suggest that T and E2 play important roles during gonadal differentiation, and an E2 dose of 2 mg/kg feed could induce sex reversal in P. olivaceus.     

辽东半岛震旦系甘井子组叠层石生长机制研究

辽东半岛新元古界震旦系甘井子组叠层石出露完好,宏观形态完整,微观构造清晰,是研究新元古代微生物碳酸盐岩建造的理想对象,对恢复古环境和古生态研究具有重要意义。笔者等选择甘井子组地层为研究对象,根据岩性特征该组自上而下可分成3段。叠层石出露于下段的底部和上段的顶部,底部叠层石为透镜状,顶部叠层石呈大规模层状。下段叠层石呈现波纹状—柱状—丘状的形态组合,上段叠层石呈现波纹状—柱状—长柱状的形态组合,均为水深不断增加的结果。笔者等通过对比现代叠层石生长机制,确定甘井子组叠层石纹层的3层构造和形成顺序,分析硬质基底对于叠层石定殖和叠层石密集生长的控制,厘定环境变化从微观到宏观对于柱体形态和叠层石规模的影响,揭示了甘井子组叠层石的形成机制。     

基于无人机遥感的滨海盐碱地土壤空间异质性分析与作物光谱指数响应胁迫诊断

在已集中连片改造为农田的盐碱地上,开展无人机遥感作物土壤空间异质性分析与光谱指数响应胁迫诊断对于提升盐碱地利用效率、创造更多经济效益与生态价值具有重要意义.本研究以山东省东营市黄河三角洲典型滨海盐碱地集中连片旱作农田的主要作物——高粱和玉米为研究对象,利用固定翼无人机获取400 hm2滨海盐碱地多光谱遥感数据,并结合地...     

拓扑变换法在平面直角坐标近似变换中的应用

简要介绍了对平面直角坐标进行近似变换的几种方法,重点讨论了拓扑变换法对平面直角坐标进行近似变换的原理。并对其变换的精度情况进行了实践分析。提出了提高其变换精度的处理方法及在建立变换模型时应注意的问题。     

Characteristics and possible formation mechanisms of severe storms in the outer rainbands of Typhoon Mujiga (1522)

To better understand how severe storms form and evolve in the outer rainbands of typhoons, in this study, we investigate the evolutionary characteristics and possible formation mechanisms for severe storms in the rainbands of Typhoon Mujigae, which occurred during 2–5 October 2015, based on the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, conventional observations, and Doppler radar data. For the rainbands far from the inner core (eye and eyewall) of Mujigae (distance of approximately 70–800 km), wind speed first increased with the radius expanding from the inner core, and then decreased as the radius continued to expand. The Rankine Vortex Model was used to explore such variations in wind speed. The areas of strong stormy rainbands were mainly located in the northeast quadrant of Mujigae, and overlapped with the areas of high winds within approximately 300–550 km away from the inner core, where the strong winds were conducive to the development of strong storms. A severe convective cell in the rainbands developed into waterspout at approximately 500 km to the northeast of the inner core, when Mujigae was strengthening before it made landfall. Two severe convective cells in the rainbands developed into two tornadoes at approximately 350 km to the northeast of the inner core after Mujigae made landfall. The radar echo bands enhanced to 60 dBZ when mesocyclones occurred in the rainbands and induced tornadoes. The radar echoes gradually weakened after the mesocyclones weakened. The tops of parent clouds of the mesocyclones elevated at first, and then suddenly dropped about 20 min before the tornadoes appeared. Thereby, the cloud top variation has the potential to be used as an early warning of tornado occurrence.     

西南地区植被变化与气温及降水关系的初步分析

利用卫星遥感植被归一化指数（NDVI）资料和西南地区96个实测台站的月平均气温以及降水资料,初步分析了西南地区植被变化与气温及降水的关系。结果表明：近20年来西南地区植被覆盖状况较好,其中夏季植被覆盖最好,冬季植被分布空间差异最大;西南地区植被整体呈增加趋势,同时也存在较明显的季节和区域差异：春季西南大部分地区植被以增加为主,夏季、秋季全区以减少为主,冬季则以增加为主且存在明显的东西反向特征,东部减少西部增加。时滞互相关分析表明：西南地区11～2月份的植被对超前其1～2个月的气温以及夏季的植被对春季气温的敏感性比较大,3～4月的植被生长对上年夏季的降水敏感性比较大;同期时,1～3月植被和气温为正相关关系,6～9月的植被生长和降水为明显的负相关关系;在植被超前气候的条件下,1～2月的植被和滞后1～2个月的气温呈正相关关系,与滞后1个月的降水有明显的负相关关系。