"3S"支持下的海洋功能区划工作底图制图技术

本文以江苏省海洋功能区划工作底图的制作过程为例,阐述了“3S”技术在海洋功能区划工作底图的制作过程中的应用,对遥感技术在淤泥质海岸带信息提取方面的方法进行了重点研究和探索,并进一步展望了“3S”技术在制图中的应用前景。     

在GPS导航定位中坐标转换参数的确定

介绍GPS导航定位测量中坐标转换参数的确定方法，并通过具体实例分析该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Upper ocean near-inertial response to the passage of two sequential typhoons in the northwestern South China Sea

Fifty-seven days of moored current records are examined, focusing on the sequential passage of Typhoons Nesat and Nalgae separated by 5 days in the northwestern South China Sea. Both typhoons generated strong near-inertial waves(NIW) as detected by a moored array, with the near-inertial velocity to the right of the typhoon path significantly larger than to the left. The estimated vertical phase and group velocities of the NIW induced by Typhoon Nesat are 0.2 cm s^-1 and 0.85 m h^-1, respectively,corresponding to a vertical wavelength of 350 m. Both the vertical phase and group velocities of the NIW induced by Typhoon Nalgae are lower than those of Typhoon Nesat, with the corresponding vertical wavelength only one-half that of Nesat. The threshold values of induced near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) of 5 J m^-3 reach water depths of 300 and 200 m for Typhoons Nesat and Nalgae, respectively, illustrating that the NIKE induced by Typhoon Nesat dissipated less with depth. Obvious blueshifts in the induced NIW frequencies are also detected. The frequency of NIW induced by Typhoon Nesat significantly increases at water depths of 100–150 m because of Doppler shifting, but decreases significantly at water depths of 100–150 m for Nalgae because of the greater influence of the background vorticity during the passage of Typhoon Nalgae.     

冲积沉积物搬运和底形研究进展

综述了沉积物搬运和底形研究方面的进展：①粒径在沉积物搬运和底形形成中的作用;②紊流与沉积搬运和底形的相互作用;③粒度分布;④粒度向下游变细;⑤高流态下沉积物搬运和底形形成。可以看出沉积物搬运和底形研究的方向体现了综合、交叉和定量这三个主要的趋势。面对未来,沉积物搬运和底形研究应在以下几个方面争取获得突破：①洪泛平原上沉积物的搬运路线及其底形塑造;②根据泥沙动力学和保存层理构造,结合数学模型模拟古沉     

广州市荔湾区大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷成因及其稳定性评价

广州市荔湾区大坦沙是广州地区岩溶地面塌陷主要发生地区之一,2007-11-07-2008-01-29共发生7起岩溶地面塌陷,造成多间房屋倒塌和开裂,经济损失巨大.通过参与现场地质调查,之后收集、整理该地区地下水的动态监测资料,结合地面塌陷发育的基本特征,从区域地质环境条件分析其地面塌陷的形成原因,采用定性、半定量的评价方法,构建岩溶地面塌陷稳定性判别因子的量化指标体系,对其地面塌陷的稳定性进行综合预测.结果认为:(1)大坦沙地区岩溶地面塌陷具有一因多效现象,地下水位下降是引发该时段系列塌陷的主导因素,次要     

兰溪地磁台观测新址堪选

介绍浙江省兰溪地磁基准台场址堪选工作过程及计算结果,并介绍背景噪声和密跨度和跨度等常规测试过程,进行新址与杭州台记录数据之间的对比分析,通过科学计算和分析,确定新址取代旧址的科学性,为相似工作提供参考。     

Enrichment of heavy metals in coal gangue by puff balls and mechanism research

Coal gangue with/without wild puff balls growing on or covering up were analyzed by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） and atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） to detect the contents of heavy metal elements in the plants. Seven heavy metals were chosen to do the experiments, which showed that the puffballs have strong enrichment capacity for heavy metals （As, Pb, Mn and Ni）. The highest enrichment level was Mn, 220.3 mg/kg （dry weight） for puffball fruiting bodies, and the highest As, Cr and Pb enrichment levels for puffball mycelium were 111,265.3 and 86 mg/kg, respectively. Cd, Mn and Ni could transfer from puffball mycelium to its fruiting bodies, while As, Cr, Pb and Co mainly accumulated in the mycelium. The contents of five organic acids （tartaric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid and malic acid） in puffballs were determined with high performance liquid chromatography. With water, ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents, the puffball extracts performed dissolution reactions with coal gangue, in which the water extract （containing a large amount of organic acids） was most effective in releasing heavy metals, especially As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Co and Ni from coal gangue. As a pioneer species, puff balls absorbed the hazardous trace elements in coal gangue matrix to reduce its eco-toxicity, on the other hand, it raised the pH value of coal gangue, improving the vegetation growing conditions for coal gangue matrix to a certain extent and laying the foundation for ecological restoration of coal gangue dumps.     

长江中上游地区汛期降水的准两年振荡

利用１９５１￣１９８７年５￣８月长江中上游地区３４站的降水量资料，采用移动样本序列的极大熵谱法对长江中上游汛期降水的周期特征进行了客观、细致研究。结果表明，长江中上游地区存在显著的准两年周期振荡，并给出了其地理分布特征，其他周期振荡则不十分明显，且不稳定。     

陕西省1998～2008年植被覆盖度的时空变化研究

以1998-04～2008-07的372景逐旬SPOT4VEGETATION数据(S10)为主要数据源,利用MVC法、一元线性回归趋势分析法和差值法,分析1998～2007年陕西省年最大化NDVI的变化趋势,并对年最大化NDVI和月最大化NDVI的年际变化规律和陕西省植被覆盖度动态变化及其空间分布规律进行分析。结果表明,1998～2008年间,年最大化NDVI整体呈变好的趋势,但是月最大化NDVI的年际变化趋势在不同月份存在很大的差异;年最大化NDVI和月最大化NDVI在每相邻2a间的变化均存在很大差异,植被退化与改善波动出现;1998～2008年陕西各地区植被覆盖度变化是很明显的,一般8、9月份植被覆盖度最高。从空间分布上看,陕北北部地区(榆林市的东南部和延安市北部地区)植被覆盖度显著增加,宝鸡市中南部、西安市、商洛和安康部分地区植被改善也较明显。     

胶东地区西石棚单元似斑状二长花岗岩的地球化学特征及其重建

郭家岭序列侵入岩主要分布在胶东半岛西北部,是胶东地区金矿床的主要控矿围岩,提高该序列岩石演化研究程度,有助于指导该地区金矿找矿。通过对郭家岭序列各单元岩体进行野外地质调查研究,在莱州三山岛、龙口冯家—前迟家等地区,均发现原西石棚单元似斑状粗中粒含角闪黑云二长花岗岩。其具有高的SiO_2(69.06%～72.01%)、全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.69%～8.58%)、Ba(1573×10~(-6))、Sr(765×10~(-6))、(La/Yb)N(28.56)、Sr/Y(116)、LILE/HFSE,低的Al_2O_3(14.76%～15.53%)、MgO(0.32%～1.16%)、Y(8.31×10~(-6))、Yb(0.65×10~(-6)),相对平坦的HREE,无明显的铕异常,以及明显亏损Nb,Ta,P,Ti等高场强元素;锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果为127±2Ma。研究表明,似斑状粗中粒含角闪黑云二长花岗岩与郭家岭序列花岗岩具有相似的主量元素组成及稀土和微量元素分布模式,属于郭家岭序列花岗岩。该文认为应该在郭家岭序列中恢复西石棚单元似斑状粗中粒含角闪黑云二长花岗岩,置于罗家单元之下。