大洋钻探计划(ODP)与海洋有机地球化学研究

本利用长链不饱和酮分子及分子同位素δ＾１３Ｃ来恢复古气候、古溶解ＣＯ２浓度和古盐度；说明有机地球化学在全球变化研究中的应用前景。     

中国艾滋病空间格局和时空演化分析

探索艾滋病疫情的空间格局和时空演化特征,发现其分布和流行规律,对促进艾滋病防控工作具有重要意义。本文基于1997—2016年中国艾滋病省级发病率资料,利用空间自相关技术探测艾滋病疫情的空间格局,并使用重心轨迹迁移算法进行时空演化分析。结果表明：中国艾滋病疫情在省级尺度上具有较强的空间依赖性。1997—2016年,中国艾滋病疫情的全局空间关联程度从弱变强,而且存在进一步强化的趋势;疫情总体呈现“南重北轻,中部过渡”的空间格局,可将中国艾滋病发病率在局部发生空间自相关的区域划分为以内蒙为代表的北方疫情冷点片区和以广西为代表的南方疫情热点片区;中国艾滋病疫情的总体流行程度不断加深,且具有明显的地域差异性,在空间上表现为非均衡增长。因此,今后的艾滋防控工作必须在传统预防手段的基础上注重疫情扩散的时空规律,重点加强对疫情热点区域和高风险传播方向的管控,以达到区域协同、精准防控的目的。     

基于地球化学参数的海底沉积物端元定量判识方法研究Ⅰ.分离沉积物端元的最优斜交成分因子算法

系统介绍“分离沉积物端元的最优斜交成分因子算法”,此算法包括主成分分析、因子得分成分化和最优斜交变换三部分．此算法可获得成分化的非负的斜交因子得分,弥补了Ｑ型因子分析仅能用于样品间的相互关系及样品的分类研究,而不能胜任海底沉积物端元物质分离工作之不足．方法适合于沉积物物源端元定量分离工作．将此方法应用于冲绳海槽海底表层样,成功地分离出长江陆源物质．此方法同样适合于诸如岩石、水体、土壤污染等混合过程的端元定量分离工作．     

第四纪气候突变研究的新工具--长链不饱和酮及其碳同位素

长链不饱和酮是一种广泛存在于第四纪海洋沉积物中的生物标志物。其不饱和指数UK37能够在较短的时间尺度上 ( 1～ 1 0 0 0 a)定量刻划海水表层温度的灵敏变化 ,因而成为恢复古海水表层温度变化、识别气候突变事件的有效参数。长链不饱和酮分子的碳同位素与海水中的溶解 CO2 浓度之间具有确定的关系 ,因而可以用其定量恢复第四纪海水溶解 CO2 浓度和大气 CO2 分压。长链不饱和酮及其碳同位素已成为研究第四纪气候突变事件及驱动机制的新工具。     

Measurement and Result of Soil Gas Radon and Soil Gas Mercury in the Exploration of Haihe Hidden Fault

In the exploration of the hidden Haihe fault, radon and mercury in soil gas were measured by using FG-3017 radon detector and XG-4 mercury analyzer. In this paper, based on the measurement results of 12 fault gas profiles, and integrating with the exploration results of artificial seismic prospecting, the relationship between anomalous site of fault gas and fault location is analyzed. Using the relationship between anomalous strength of fault gas and fault activity, the activity of Haihe fault is studied, thus the location and activity segmentation of the Haihe fault in Tianjin region are presented. This study shows that the method of fault gas detection can not only identify the preliminary location of fault, but also make preliminary segmentation of fault activity. The fault detected by the method of fault gas measurement is shown as a band. Through contrasting with exploration results of artificial seismic prospecting and analyzing, we find that the fault is located inside the band. According to the measurements of soil gas radon, the Haihe fault can be divided into east and west segments and the activity of the east segment of Haihe fault is stronger than that of the west segment. This is only a relative result, and it is difficult to judge whether the fault is active or not with this result.     

基于萤石云API的测震台站视频监视系统

为了提高测震台站运维工作效率,设计一套视频监视系统,实现地震台网中心对测震台站的远程、实时视频监视,数据流监视与中断告警,入侵侦测与告警以及市电中断告警等功能。系统分为台站端子系统和中心端子系统,其中,台站端子系统集成萤石网络摄像机、市电监控装置和4G路由器等设备,可以将台站视频截图通过4G信道近实时传输至中心端子系统;中心端子系统是一套应用程序,基于萤石云API开发。该系统为无人值守台站的视频监视提供了完整解决方案,在承德中心台的应用证明,可提高台网运维工作效率。     

Modeling for critical state line of granular soil with evolution of grain size distribution due to particle breakage

Determination of the critical state line(CSL)is important to characterize engineering properties of granular soils.Grain size distribution(GSD)has a significant influence on the location of CSL.The influence of particle breakage on the CSL is mainly attributed to the change in GSD due to particle breakage.However,GSD has not been properly considered in modeling the CSL with influence of particle breakage.This study aims to propose a quantitative model to determine the CSL considering the effect of GSD.We hypothesize that the change of critical state void ratio with respect to GSD is caused by the same mechanism that influences of the change of minimum void ratio with respect to GSD.Consequently,the particle packing model for minimum void ratio proposed by Chang et al.(2017)is extended to predict critical state void ratio.The developed model is validated by experimental results of CSLs for several types of granular materials.Then the evolution of GSD due to particle breakage is incorporated into the model.The model is further evaluated using the experimental results on rockfill material,which illustrates the applicability of the model in predicting CSL for granular material with particle breakage.     

微量元素对水库初级生产力的影响

采用生氧量生物测验法对影响水库初级生产力的微量元素进行了测定。结果表明,当氮、磷充足时,锰的限制作用较普遍,而锌、铜的抑制作用也常出现,铁、硒等其他元素在某些条件下也会起限制作用。围隔试验的结果也表明,在施氮、磷的基础上,加施锰剂后,浮游植物生物量（以活性叶绿素ａ表示）增高１．７倍以上,较之单纯施氮、磷肥,生物量亦增高了３５％以上,高峰持续时间约１０ｄ,浮游动物生物量亦有所增加。这些结果都表明锰在提高水库鱼产力中有重要作用,同时也说明在大水域施肥养鱼中添加微量元素是可行的。     

Vegetation-environment relationships between northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin, East Tianshan Mountains

Based on data from 22 sample plots and applying the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA),this paper discusses the vegetation-environment relationships between the northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin,which is situated in the easternmost end of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.For the zonal vegetation,community diversity of mountain vegetation is higher than that of the desert vegetation due to environmental factors.The CCA ordination diagram revealed that the composition and distribution of vegetation types are mainly determined by altitude,soil pH and soil salt content.With increasing elevation,the soil pH and total salt content decrease but the contents of soil organic matter,soil water,total nitrogen and total phosphorus increase gradually.In the CCA ordination diagrams,the sample plots and main species can be divided into five types according to their adaptations to the environmental factors.Type I is composed of desert vegetation distributed on the low mountains,hills,plains and deserts below an elevation of 1900 m;type II is distributed in the mountain and desert ecotone with an elevation of 1900-2300 m,and includes steppe desert,desert steppe and wetland meadow;type III is very simply composed of only salinized meadow;type IV is distributed above an elevation of 2300 m,containing mountain steppe,meadow steppe,subalpine meadow and alpine meadow;type V only contains salinized meadow.The results show that with increasing elevation,species combination changes from the xerophytic shrubs,semi-shrubs and herbs distributed in the low altitude zone with arid climate to the cold-tolerant perennial herbs growing in the high altitudinal zone with cold climate.     

多粒度时空对象行为特征的描述方法研究

多粒度时空对象的行为特征是描述全空间信息系统中不同对象之间控制与响应的重要方面,是体现时空实体相互作用、动态变化、多能自主的核心,是全空间信息系统作为一个"活"的信息系统的亮点所在。本文面向全空间信息系统,对多粒度时空对象行为的基本概念、触发方式、分类方式、描述框架进行了阐述,在此基础上,提出了多粒度时空对象行为特征的总体形式化描述方法,并分别从行为能力、环境影响因素、行为触发条件、行为作用对象和行为计算模型5个方面对对象的行为特征进行详细描述,为全空间场景中多粒度时空对象的行为建模提供了基本思路。