太湖生态脆弱性特征与消除对策的初步探讨

本文研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋对痧生经济植物莼菜冬芽茎叶叶绿素含量,叶绿素ａ／ｂ值,可溶性蛋白含量,Ｏ＾－２含量以及活笥氧清除系统活性（ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ）的影响,实验结果表明：叶绿素含量,叶绿素ａ／ｂ值、可溶性蛋白含量随着Ｈｇ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋处理浓度的加大呈下降趋势;     

Assessment of wetland fragmentation in the Tarim River basin, western China

The wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are a rich area of biodiversity and natural resources in the inland arid region of China. However, this wetland area has decreased in size during the past several decades. Water quality and biodiversity has declined due to expanded agricultural activities since 1960s. Using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, we investigated the dynamics, spatial patterns and fragmentation of the wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River from 1980 to 2000. We found that the total area of the wetlands was reduced by 45.8% and the density of the patches increased four times from 1980 to 1990. From 1990 to 2000, though the total area of the wetlands slightly increased the number of the patches increased three times and the density of the patches doubled. Based on the analyses of transition matrixes, diversity and fragmentation indexes, and spatial distribution alternation of the wetlands, we found the landscape diversity and fragmentation indices increased while wetland dominance index decreased dramatically. Among the wetland types, the areas of the river-channel, reservoir and pond wetlands increased while the areas of the lake and marsh wetlands decreased continuously.     

Vegetation patterns and species–environment relationships in the Gurbantunggut Desert of China

The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longitudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10–50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north–south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east–west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter (OM), soil salts (TS), sorting index (σ), topsoil water-content (SM) and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain (alt.) and soil texture (the contents of Mz and φ1) affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santolium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse particles and abundant TK, the plant assemblage of Haloxylon persicum, Soranthus meyeri and Agriophyllum squarrosum is developed. The species composition in the east marginal belt of the study area has similar characteristics to the mid-west section. There is no corresponding section in the north–south transects (except for the north and south margins). This is because the habitats of most plants are located in the middle of the microhabitat gradients in the north–south direction in the desert.     

中天山巴仑台地区变形花岗岩类LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

本文对巴仑台地区中天山南北边缘的变形花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学研究。中天山北缘花岗质片麻岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为630.0±5.0 Ma,代表了中天山微陆基底的新元古代岩浆事件年龄;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为440.9±3.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山北缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为早志留世。中天山南缘糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为389.5±3.2 Ma,指示出中天山南缘洋壳在中泥盆世向北俯冲形成陆缘岩浆弧;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为362.1±4.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山南缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为晚泥盆世末期。研究结果还表明中天山微陆块具有年龄为2.5Ga和1.8Ga的古老结晶基底。     

基于对象流的地缘环境时空分析模型

地缘环境时空分析是对地缘体、地缘关系及地缘结构进行的解析、评价和预测,是把握地缘环境空间特征、关联关系演化规律的重要途径。本文采用文献研究、类比归纳、建模研究等方法,提出地缘环境对象是地理信息世界中对现实地缘环境实体抽象后的数字化表达,地缘环境对象流是对象间物质、信息和能量数据交互过程的总称,与地缘关系间存在映射关系,对地缘环境态势和演化过程具有关键作用。在对地缘环境对象流相关概念和内涵解析的基础上,探讨了地缘环境对象流的数据表达与组织方法,构建了地缘环境分析模型,模型从地缘环境系统构成出发,将地缘环境对象流的分析逻辑和数据模型结合,分别建立地缘环境对象流分析原理的逻辑表达及地缘环境对象化数据组织体系,在数据支持下利用数据分析算法来确定地缘环境对象与地缘关系间的映射函数,实现面向应用场景和具体问题的地缘环境分析。本文对地缘环境分析模型进行了验证,以“印太地区”地缘经济环境分析为例,基于2009—2018年该区域经济水平排位前10的国家经济数据,进行了地缘经济实体特征的抽象、贸易对象流的数据表达与组织、数据分析及地缘关系测度,分析了贸易流的时空变化过程、地缘影响力以及地缘关系群组等,验证...     

天山东段尾亚麻粒岩REE和Sm-Nd同位素特征

对天山东段尾亚麻粒岩的稀土元素和Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素特征的研究表明，其原岩为１８－２０亿年地幔分异的产物，为具有岛弧特征的钙碱性岩系，以轻稀土富集为特征。并且讨论了麻粒岩原岩的形成，为交代地幔较大程度部分熔融的产物。岩浆形成和侵位过程中，有地壳物质不同程度的混染。     

Diel variation in metabolism and ammonia excretion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marphysa sanguinea</Emphasis> (Polychaeta: Eunicidae)

Polychaetes provide an excellent food resource for fish and represent the dominant zoobenthos in marine ecosystems. Diel variation in the rates of metabolism and ammonia-N excretion of Marphysa sanguinea were studied. The worms were grouped according to their wet body weight into small (S; 1.24±0.06 g), medium (M; 4.00±0.30 g), and large (L; 8.54±1.08 g) categories. Their weight-specific metabolic rates, based on aerobic respiration (R), were measured at 16°C (±0.2°C) and classed as either routine (R _R) or standard (R _S) rates. Both respiration types decreased with increasing body weight. Respiration was described by R = a W ^b, where b was -0.400 9 and -0.532 0 for R _R and R _S, respectively. Diurnal changes in R _S for each group was relatively flat, with a slightly increasing trend with time, but was relatively stable as a whole. R _R of the diurnal variation of worms was higher than R S, but both had similar overall trends. The peak values of specific dynamic action (SDA) (R _SDA) in the S, M, and L groups were 2.704, 1.149, and 0.682 mg/(g?h), respectively. The durations of SDA were 13, 6, and 6 h, respectively and the energy expenditures of SDA were 377.98, 117.34, and 74.94 J/g, respectively. These data indicate that the metabolic rates were higher in smaller individuals, which is advantageous for their rapid growth.     

基于陆态网数据低阶球谐函数电离层区域建模

根据高精度卫星导航和电离层活动监测的需要,特别是中国北斗系统的运营,利用陆态网络200余个GPS基准站的双频实测数据,通过建立低阶球谐函数模型同时解算电离层电子含量、GPS卫星DCB;将其结果与CODE分析中心的结果进行比较.分析表明,该方法建立的模型是可靠的,其GPS卫星DCB相对于CODE精度优于0.3ns,垂直总电子含量相对CODE精度优于3TECU.     

基于二分法的多边形自动划分算法

提出一种基于面积比的多边形自动划分算法,在给定初始划分方案线的基础上研究利用二分法实现3种不同条件下多边形的自动划分,并在.NET平台下采用C#语言基于ArcGIS Engine组件进行具体实现,给出最大允许误差的取值范围。试验证明,该方法能够简化多边形自动划分的难度,提高多边形划分的自动化程度和速度,同时能保证划分结果的精确性。     

宝坻王4井水氡高值变化的原因探讨

天津市宝坻玉４井从１９８３年４月开始观测水氡，观测值相对稳定。１９９１年１０月２日该井水氡测值出现大于２７．０Ｂｑ／Ｌ的成丛高值突跳，最高值达５７．０Ｂｑ／Ｌ，为正常值的两倍多，水氡值由平稳型变为离散型，至今已两年多时间，高值出现后，天津地震局分析预报中心、监测中心先后组织人员到现场落实达２０多次，做了大量的调查研究和实验工作排除了有关干扰，认为王４井的水氡高值高化主要是附近王２井长期抽水影响的结