湿地生态环境监测方法探讨

本文在分析四川湿地现状的基础上,对湿地的监测目的、监测范围、技术手段、监测内容、监测技术指标等问题进行了分析,提出建立我省生态环境监测体系和加强湿地生态环境应用研究的工作思路,为保护湿地生态环境,实现湿地的可持续利用发展提供决策服务.     

西昆仑山晚新生代沉积的粒度和δ18O含量特征研究

本文在野外考察的基础上,结合室内粒度和石英氧同位素含量分析,讨论了西昆仑山典型地区晚新生代不同时期沉积的搬运机制,没积环境和物质来源对粒度参数和石英δ１８值的影响。     

西天山前寒武纪天窗花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及Nd-Sr同位素特征

采用颗粒级锆石U－Pb定年方法,精确测定了西天山前寒武纪天窗花岗片麻岩的结晶锆石年龄为798Ma,它代表了花岗质岩浆的结晶时代。花岗片麻岩具有较高的IAS。值（1.17～1．55）和LILE、LREE含量,明显的Eu负异常（δEu＝024～0.38）和Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta的亏损,表明源岩为成熟度很高的陆壳物质。其负的εNd（t）值（-4.4～-6.4）和较高的初始87Sr／86Sr比值（0．7196～0．7207）,均表明熔融母岩具有很长的地壳存留时间,1．93～2．01Ga的Nd模式年龄值可能代表了源岩的平均地壳存留年龄。     

Carbon isotopic composition and flux of particulateorganic matter in the Changjing River

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张道口台热水井地热最佳观测层选择的研究

本文系统地论述了张道口台热水井的基本民政部及该井周围的水文地质环境,给出了１０５－１９５ｍ的水温实测资料,分析了１６５－１８５ｍ水温背离地热增温规律而出现“低异常”的原因,指出２２０ｍ左右为最佳地热观测层,此磺研究为全国地热观测台网的选择与建设提供了借鉴。     

天津前兆台网映震能力评价

收集了自１９８９年至１９９３年１０月天津及其附近地区发生的ＭＬ≥４．０地震和大同地区发生的中强地震共２１次，经统计计算认为：天津台网对唐山地区发生的地震反映能力较强，北京地区次之，对大同地区发生的中强地震的一定的反映能力，其综合映震能力为６１．９％，可预报能力为２３．８％，异常对应能力不超过５５．７％，观测项目综合灵敏度为２４％，对天津及其附近地区发生的中等地震仅可能有３．１７％观测项目产生异常。     

皱唇鲨食性与繁殖状况

皱唇鲨为黄勃海常见的底栖中小型鲨鱼,它是以游泳生物为主的杂食性鱼类,捕食蓝点马鲛、青鳞鱼、黄鲫、绵、长蛸、日本枪乌贼、对虾、鹰爪虾、虾姑、鲽科鱼、底栖多毛类和蟹类。皱唇鲨为卵胎生,7～8月性成熟后体内受精,雄性性腺成熟明显表现出:鳍脚增大呈飞跃式的增大,产仔期为5～6月,胚胎在母体内发育时间为9～10月,雌鲨怀胎最多为42尾,仔鱼的雌雄比例为1:1。     

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A compression model for sand–silt mixtures based on the concept of active and inactive voids

A compression model for sand–silt mixtures is needed in geotechnical engineering, for example in the analysis and prediction of deformation of levees and embankments due to internal erosion. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of dividing the voids of a granular material into two hypothetical fractions: active and inactive voids. The active voids are kinematically available to the compression process. The inactive voids are kinematically unavailable to the compression process. The volume of active voids is dependent on the initial density and effective stress level. The volume of inactive voids is dependent on the amount of fines in the mixture. The current paper considers 1-D and isotropic compression behavior of sand–silt mixtures at stress levels lower than 2 MPa, so no substantial particle breakage is expected to occur. To successfully predict the void ratio for a sand–silt mixture during compression loading, we need (1) a mathematical expression for the evolution of the active void ratio during compression and (2) a relationship between the inactive void ratio and fines content of the mixture. For sand–silt mixtures with any amount of fines, the proposed model requires five material parameters, which are determined from two compression tests, and four minimum void ratio tests on sand–silt mixtures with different fines content. The performance of the proposed model is verified for six different types of sand–silt mixture with various fines contents, by comparing the predicted void ratios with the measured data from the experiments. The comparisons show a good agreement between the predictions and the measured data and prove the suitability of the proposed model for the prediction of compressibility of sand–silt mixtures with any amount of fines.