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海底沉积物中的热液成因矿物主要来自热液区热液产物堆积体的失稳垮塌搬运迁移和热液羽流自生矿物颗粒的沉降。热液成因矿物的类型和空间分布特征对于了解热液活动区的位置与范围具有重要的指示作用。天休热液区(3°41′N、63°50′E)位于卡尔斯伯格脊超镁铁岩系中,本文对采自该热液区及其周边的共4站表层沉积物样品进行研究,分析热液成因矿物的组成、丰度和粒度的空间变化情况。研究表明,在热液喷口近端(0 ~0.22 km)同时分布有垮塌迁移及热液羽流沉降来源的热液成因矿物,其中垮塌来源的矿物呈砾—粗砂级,以古巴矿等金属硫化物矿物及铁氧化物为主;羽流沉降来源的矿物呈砂—泥级,以Cu-Zn-Fe硫化物矿物(等轴古巴矿、古巴矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿等)为主。在远喷口端(1.84 ~ 6.05 km)主要分布有羽流沉降来源的热液成因矿物,以砂—泥级的金属氧化物和氢氧化物为主。热液成因矿物的类型、粒度、丰度在空间上呈现出的规律性分布特征可以示踪未知的活动和非活动热液区的位置,并作为多金属硫化物资源的找矿标志。 相似文献
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Shengyi Mao Hongxiang Guan Lihua Liu Xiqiu Han Xueping Chen Juan Yu Yongge Sun Yejian Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):53-64
Hydrothermal venting has a profound effect on the chemical and biological properties of local and distal seawater and sediments. In this study, lipid biomarkers were analyzed to examine the potential influence of hydrothermal activity on the fate of organic matter(OM) in surface sediments around Tianxiu Hydrothermal Field in the Carlsberg Ridge(CR), Northwest Indian Ocean. By comparing the biomarker distributions of the samples with that of other typical hydrothermal sediments in the mid ocean ridge, it is shown that the location of the samples is not affected by the hydrothermal activity. The relatively low abundances of terrestrial n-alkyl lipids and riverine1,15-C32 diol suggested a minor contribution of terrigenous OM to the study area. The bacteria contributed predominantly to sedimentary marine OM; however, other marine source organisms, e.g., eukaryotes(i.e.,phytoplankton and fungi) could not be completely neglected. The marine-originated biomarkers showed significantly variable distributions between the two sediments, suggesting different dynamic physical and biogeochemical processes controlling the fate of marine OM. This study identified various diagnostic biomarkers(5,5-diethyl alkanes, diols and β-OH FAs), which may have significant environmental implications for future works in this region. 相似文献