长江中下游湖泊群落水平下沉水植物碳、氮、磷化学计量特征及其影响因素

以长江中下游14个湖泊沉水植物为研究对象,分析群落水平下沉水植物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的化学计量特征及其影响因素.结果显示,沉水植物群落C含量平均为386.93±25.80 mg/g,范围为315.98~441.97 mg/g,N和P含量的平均值分别为26.10±4.84和2.64±0.99 mg/g,范围分别为13.75~40.89和1.01~5.92 mg/g.与物种水平研究相比,群落水平下沉水植物C、N、P化学计量特征变异系数较小,内稳定性更强.群落C含量与P含量具有显著相关性,而与N含量不相关,这说明C元素与N和P之间的耦合关系并不一致;N∶P比与P含量之间具有极显著的负相关关系,但与N含量不相关,说明沉水植物群落P含量的变异对N∶P比起主导作用.冗余分析表明,环境因子解释了沉水植物群落化学计量特征总变异的30.2%,在P0.01水平下对沉水植物群落化学计量特征具有显著影响的环境因子为底泥总磷、底泥N∶P比、水深和消光系数.变差分解结果表明,底泥和上覆水分别独自解释了化学计量特征总变异的5.21%和10.19%,其交互作用解释了总变异的5.25%.通过该研究结果推测,在恢复湖泊水生植被的实践过程中,相对于底泥,对上覆水光照条件进行控制可能更加迫切.     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震对周围地区的静态应力影响

基于九寨沟M_S7.0地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,本文计算了该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化、在周围地区产生的应力场和位移场和同震库仑应力变化对余震的触发.结果表明：（1）九寨沟地震造成虎牙断裂中段库仑破裂应力有较大增加,已经超过0.01 MPa的阈值,虎牙断裂北段、塔藏断裂中段和岷江断裂北段北部的库仑破裂应力有较大降低,因此尤其要注意虎牙断裂中段的危险性.（2）水平面应力场在该地震震中东西两侧增加（拉张）,张应力起主要作用.在震中南北两侧降低（压缩）,压应力起主要作用.从水平主压和主张应力方向来看,均呈现出条形磁铁的磁场形态.从剖面上的应力场来看,在上盘的面膨胀区域内,大部分点的主张应力方向与地表是垂直的,在其他区域内,主张应力和主压应力均以震中为中心,向外呈辐射状.（3）从地表水平位移场来看,震中东西两侧物质朝震中位置汇聚,南北两侧物质向外流出,在震中处的最大水平位移量达43 mm.从地表垂直位移场来看,震中南北两侧出现明显的隆升,隆升最大值达56.8 mm.震中东西两侧出现明显的沉降,沉降最大值达74.5 mm.从剖面的位移场来看,九寨沟地震为左旋走滑地震,且有一定的正断成分.由分析可以推测该断层破裂在大致22~26 km的深度上就截止了.并推测下盘物质运动的动力来自震源北东东方向（四川块体）深度在6~30 km的下盘下层物质,上盘物质运动的动力来自震源北西西方向（巴颜喀拉块体）深度在0~6 km的上盘上层物质.（4）通过计算不同深度上主震对余震的触发作用可知,主震后的最大余震受到了主震的触发作用,多数其他余震也受到主震的触发作用.主震的发生促使了库仑应力增加地区余震的发生,抑制了一部分库仑应力减少地区余震的发生.     

2011年龙眼挂果率高的气象成因分析

通过对2010/2011年度玉林市龙眼秋梢抽生期—开花着果期的农业气象条件进行诊断分析,找出了有利2011年挂果率高的主要气象条件,并根据龙眼的开花结果习性和玉林市的气候特点,提出了一些相应的对策,以最大限度地提高挂果率。     

Quantitative analysis of riverbank groundwater flow for the Qinhuai River,China, and its influence factors

Interactions of surface water and groundwater (SW–GW) play an important role in the physical, chemical, and ecological processes of riparian zones. The main objective of this study was to describe the two‐dimensional characteristics of riverbank SW–GW interactions and to quantify their influence factors. The SW–GW exchange fluxes for six sections (S1 to S6) of the Qinhuai River, China, were estimated using a heat tracing method, and field hydrogeological and thermodynamic parameters were obtained via inverse modelling. Global sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the effects of layered heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity and river stage variation on SW–GW exchange. Under the condition of varied river stage, only the lateral exchange fluxes at S1 apparently decreased during the monitoring period, probably resulting from its relatively higher hydraulic conductivity. Meanwhile, the SW–GW exchanges for the other five sections were quite stable over time. The lateral exchange fluxes were higher than the vertical ones. The riverbank groundwater flow showed different spatial variation characteristics for the six sections, but most of the higher exchange fluxes occurred in the lower area of a section. The section with larger hydraulic conductivity has an apparent dynamic response to surface water and groundwater level differences, whereas lower permeabilities severely reduced the response of groundwater flow. The influence of boundary conditions on SW–GW interactions was restricted to a limited extent, and the impact extent will expand with the increase of peak water level and hydraulic conductivity. The SW–GW head difference was the main influence factors in SW–GW interactions, and the influence of both SW–GW head difference and hydraulic conductivity decreased with an increase of the distance from the surface water boundary. For each layer of riverbank sediment, its hydraulic conductivity had greater influence on its groundwater flow than the other layers, whereas it had negligible effects on its overlying/underlying layers. Consequently, the variations in river stage and hydraulic conductivity were the main factors influencing the spatial and temporal characteristics of riverbank groundwater flow, respectively.     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜侏罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油合系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型．地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟—成熟阶段，该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海组下段生油岩．     

DZW型微伽重力仪弹性系统的设计

论述了ＤＺＷ型微伽重力仪弹性系统中有关参数的计算以及弹簧材料的选择、加工与处理。     

断层相互作用的初步讨论

给出了半无限介质中任意倾角的多个已发震矩形断层对邻近任意倾角的潜在活断层共同作用的合应力的解析表达式，从而可以计算震后合应力的调整值，为判断潜在活断层的稳定性提供依据。合应力Ｓｒ中既包括了作用在断层面上的正应力，又包括了断层面上的剪应力，它比单独用一个应力描述应力场更有效。最后，用１９７３年２月６日炉霍地震后的实际震例说明了地震断层错动对周围孕震区的触发作用     

近50年湖南省雷暴气候特征分析

根据湖南省74个地面气象站1961-2010年的雷暴日资料,利用数理统计、小波分析及Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对近50年雷暴气候特征进行分析.结果表明：1）湖南省雷暴日数空间分布特征为南部多、北部少,最大值出现在南部山地（65.38 d/a）,最小值出现在北部平原（21.92 d/a）,月平均雷暴日呈单峰值分布,3-9月为雷暴高发期;2）湖南省年平均雷暴日数存在8、16、24和30 a的周期变化规律,其中8 a周期振荡最显著;3）多雷期和少雷期的差异主要表现在副热带高压西伸脊点的位置以及青藏高原短波槽的位置和强弱上.     

Near-surface air temperature lapse rate in a humid mountainous terrain on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Based on climatic data from 18 stations on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas in Bhutan for the period from 1996 to 2009, this paper investigates...