长江口表层沉积物中正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征及有机碳来源解析

于2014年3月对长江口及邻近海域的表层沉积物进行了高分辨率采样,分析了沉积物粒级组成、比表面积、总有机碳含量及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C)、正构烷烃及其相关分子指标,讨论了此区域沉积有机碳和正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征,并结合基于主成分分析-蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,对沉积有机碳的来源进行了定量解析。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中总有机碳含量为0.45%±0.16%,近岸泥质区总有机碳含量较高,外海砂质区含量较低。总正构烷烃(C₁₄-C₃₅)的绝对含量和相对于总有机碳的含量分别为(1.42±0.73)μg/g和(0.34±0.21) mg/g。泥质区以长链正构烷烃占优势,具有较强的奇碳优势;砂质区以短链正构烷烃占优势,且具有一定的偶碳优势。长江输入、老黄河口输入、闽浙沿岸小型河流输入和水动力分选等因素制约了正构烷烃的输运和分布特征。模型结果显示此区域沉积有机碳来自海源、土壤和高等植物的混合输入,其中以海源为主,其贡献为42.70%±18.18%,由陆地向外海贡献逐渐升高,其次是土壤和高等植物,其贡献分别为2...     

Predicting Surface Urban Heat Island in Meihekou City,China: A Combination Method of Monte Carlo and Random Forest

Given the rapid urbanization worldwide, Urban Heat Island(UHI) effect has been a severe issue limiting urban sustainability in both large and small cities. In order to study the spatial pattern of Surface urban heat island(SUHI) in China’s Meihekou City, a combination method of Monte Carlo and Random Forest Regression(MC-RFR) is developed to construct the relationship between landscape pattern indices and Land Surface Temperature(LST). In this method, Monte Carlo acceptance-rejection sampling wa...     

Quantitative analysis of riverbank groundwater flow for the Qinhuai River,China, and its influence factors

Interactions of surface water and groundwater (SW–GW) play an important role in the physical, chemical, and ecological processes of riparian zones. The main objective of this study was to describe the two‐dimensional characteristics of riverbank SW–GW interactions and to quantify their influence factors. The SW–GW exchange fluxes for six sections (S1 to S6) of the Qinhuai River, China, were estimated using a heat tracing method, and field hydrogeological and thermodynamic parameters were obtained via inverse modelling. Global sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the effects of layered heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity and river stage variation on SW–GW exchange. Under the condition of varied river stage, only the lateral exchange fluxes at S1 apparently decreased during the monitoring period, probably resulting from its relatively higher hydraulic conductivity. Meanwhile, the SW–GW exchanges for the other five sections were quite stable over time. The lateral exchange fluxes were higher than the vertical ones. The riverbank groundwater flow showed different spatial variation characteristics for the six sections, but most of the higher exchange fluxes occurred in the lower area of a section. The section with larger hydraulic conductivity has an apparent dynamic response to surface water and groundwater level differences, whereas lower permeabilities severely reduced the response of groundwater flow. The influence of boundary conditions on SW–GW interactions was restricted to a limited extent, and the impact extent will expand with the increase of peak water level and hydraulic conductivity. The SW–GW head difference was the main influence factors in SW–GW interactions, and the influence of both SW–GW head difference and hydraulic conductivity decreased with an increase of the distance from the surface water boundary. For each layer of riverbank sediment, its hydraulic conductivity had greater influence on its groundwater flow than the other layers, whereas it had negligible effects on its overlying/underlying layers. Consequently, the variations in river stage and hydraulic conductivity were the main factors influencing the spatial and temporal characteristics of riverbank groundwater flow, respectively.     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜侏罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油合系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型．地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟—成熟阶段，该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海组下段生油岩．     

DZW型微伽重力仪弹性系统的设计

论述了ＤＺＷ型微伽重力仪弹性系统中有关参数的计算以及弹簧材料的选择、加工与处理。     

断层相互作用的初步讨论

给出了半无限介质中任意倾角的多个已发震矩形断层对邻近任意倾角的潜在活断层共同作用的合应力的解析表达式，从而可以计算震后合应力的调整值，为判断潜在活断层的稳定性提供依据。合应力Ｓｒ中既包括了作用在断层面上的正应力，又包括了断层面上的剪应力，它比单独用一个应力描述应力场更有效。最后，用１９７３年２月６日炉霍地震后的实际震例说明了地震断层错动对周围孕震区的触发作用     

近50年湖南省雷暴气候特征分析

根据湖南省74个地面气象站1961-2010年的雷暴日资料,利用数理统计、小波分析及Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对近50年雷暴气候特征进行分析.结果表明：1）湖南省雷暴日数空间分布特征为南部多、北部少,最大值出现在南部山地（65.38 d/a）,最小值出现在北部平原（21.92 d/a）,月平均雷暴日呈单峰值分布,3-9月为雷暴高发期;2）湖南省年平均雷暴日数存在8、16、24和30 a的周期变化规律,其中8 a周期振荡最显著;3）多雷期和少雷期的差异主要表现在副热带高压西伸脊点的位置以及青藏高原短波槽的位置和强弱上.     

Near-surface air temperature lapse rate in a humid mountainous terrain on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Based on climatic data from 18 stations on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas in Bhutan for the period from 1996 to 2009, this paper investigates...     

多旋翼微型无人机气象探测适用性分析

本文通过多种试验对多旋翼无人机搭载微型气象探测设备进行低空温湿度探测和数据传输进行了适用性分析。结果表明,采用433 MHz无线透传的数据通讯方式数据传输稳定性较好,选用的微型气象探测设备温湿度传感器通过了实验室计量检定,与百叶箱温湿度的对比观测中二者一致性较好;无人机在单纯悬停过程中,温湿度观测与对比观测设备误差较小,相关性较好;在低空连续飞行过程中,温湿度观测结果与探空仪观测结果具有较好的一致性(温度平均绝对误差0.84℃,相对湿度平均绝对误差4%),但存在温湿度小脉动变化无法捕捉的情况,可能与设备温湿度响应时间、通风防辐射罩结果、飞行速度等有关。