β-兴奋剂对不同类型肉猪增重及胴体品质的影响

为了探讨β-兴奋剂对不同类型肉猪的作用效果及适宜的添加剂量和使用时间，采用双因子试验设计，测定了60头不同类型肉猪的生产性能和胴体品质。测定结果表明，β-兴奋剂能显著提高各类型猪的生产性能和胴体品质（p＜0.01或P＜0．05），适宜添加量均为10mg／kg。肥育后期（50kg）使用β-兴奋剂时，瘦肉型猪比脂用型猪效果显著，而肥有前期（35kg）使用时，结果恰好相反。因此，使用β-兴奋剂脂用型猪宜早，瘦肉型猪宜晚。     

相邻地区风暴潮灾害风险评估与区划成果集成方法初探及应用

由于风暴潮灾害常年对我国造成严重影响,因此国内许多沿海省(自治区、直辖市)均开展了风暴潮灾害风险评估与区划工作。随着该工作的陆续完成,考虑全局风暴潮灾害风险管理的需要,即将面临相邻地区成果衔接或集成的问题。为此,文章开展了相邻地区风暴潮灾害风险评估与区划成果集成方法的初步研究,提出潮位、增水、淹没水深、危险性、脆弱性、风险等级和风险区划等模型计算或评估结果的分类集成方法,并以上海市沿海5区的3个区域风暴潮模型的计算和评估结果为基础进行了方法应用,成功获得了上海全市的集成成果。文章提出的成果集成方法旨在为全国其他沿海省(自治区、直辖市)、县的成果集成提供方法借鉴。     

莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷特征及成因分析

在20世纪80年代以来,莱芜市泉河地区发生多起岩溶塌陷,而且岩溶塌陷的发生具有突发性、重复性。在已有研究成果的基础上通过现场调查,系统总结了莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷特征,即岩溶塌陷的形成与分布在空间上具有方向性,在时间上具有阶段性与集中爆发期。岩溶塌陷发育情况、覆盖层条件和水文动态资料综合分析结果表明,莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷是区内水动力条件的改变造成的。     

基于农户调查的经济发达地区城郊农地流转 ——以广州市番禺区为例

农地流转是农户具有方向性选择的土地利用行为表现,按流转方向可分为转入与转出.为探讨不同流转方向的农户农地流转特征差异,以广州市番禺区467户农户调研数据为例,分析不同流转方向下的农地流转特征,并探讨不同流转方向下的流转价格影响因素。研究认为：①番禺区农地流转的特征在不同流转方向下具有一定差异,其中转出率高于转入率,转入规模大于转出规模,北部的转入和转出率均稍高于南部,但在流转价格、流转年限、契约方式、流转难易及交易时间等方面则差异不显著。②应用多元回归分析法对不同流转方向下的农地流转价格影响因素进行分析,发现转入模型回归效果比转出模型回归效果好,其中流转方式及流转花费时间两个因子在不同模型中的作用不同。研究表明,农地流转由于存在转入与转出方向的不同,流转特征会存在一定差异,开展该方面的研究应区别对待。     

东昆仑断裂带中东部地震破裂分段性与走滑运动分解作用

基于卫星影像解译和野外考察测量,本文对东昆仑断裂带中东部的3条次级断裂(托索湖断裂、玛沁断裂和玛曲断裂)的滑动速率以及全新世以来的古地震活动特征进行了分析研究。托索湖段与玛沁段走向产生20°和30°的双挤压弯曲,形成阿尼玛卿山挤压隆起,作为托索湖段和玛沁段的破裂分段标志,成为1937年托索湖7.5级地震地表破裂带的终止点;在西贡周西侧和莫哈塘南侧,阿万仓断裂以40°的夹角与东昆仑断裂带相交,形成西贡周断裂交汇区,成为玛沁段与玛曲段破裂分段的标志。通过构造地貌方法获得西段托索湖断裂晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平速率为10.8±1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为1.2±0.2mm/a;中段玛沁断裂带晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平滑动速率为9.3±2mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.7±0.1mm/a;西贡周断层交汇区平均水平滑动速率为7.4±1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为1.2±0.1mm/a;东段玛曲断裂晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平滑动速率为4.9±1.3mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.3mm/a。断裂的滑动速率从西至东呈梯度下降,通过构造转换矢量分解获得阿万仓断裂西支的左旋水平走滑速率为2.4mm/a,东支的左旋水平走滑速率为1.4mm/a,垂直断裂的水平缩短速率为2.3mm/a,阿万仓断裂带西支和东支构成一个滑动分解模式。3条次级断裂的活动均产生独立地表破裂,西侧的托索湖断裂发生了1937年MS7.5级地震,中段玛沁断裂发生了公元1061年格萨尔王时期和距今358~430CalaBP的地表破裂,玛曲段地表破裂距今约1055~1524aBP,显示出段落之间应力触发有关的地震破裂事件沿断裂带单向迁移的特征。同时利用断裂单次地震位移和古地震复发周期获得断裂的长期滑动速率,结果显示与构造地貌方法获得的滑动速率几乎一致,也显示自西向东逐渐递减的趋势。断裂滑动速率的递减与几何结构走向的弯曲以及横向断裂的相交一一对应,东昆仑断裂带的滑动速率梯度递减的主要原因是东昆仑断裂带东延和横向断裂相交,构造转换造成的。     

2008年汶川M_S8.0地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震滑移及滑移分解

为深入理解汶川地震破裂的构造运动机制,我们选取典型的观测点,利用多种地质地貌标志测绘分析得到了汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂的近地表三维同震滑移矢量。结果显示,北川-映秀断裂上的白水河-高川破裂段北西盘沿88°方位角水平滑移2.58m、垂直滑移3.70m;安县-灌县断裂上的白鹿-汉旺破裂北西盘沿134°方位角水平滑移1.63m,垂直滑移2.00m;小鱼洞破裂带南西盘沿76°~79°方位角水平滑移2.15~2.71m,垂直滑移1.36~1.51m。平行的白水河-高川破裂段和白鹿-汉旺破裂段合计形成1.72m右旋走滑和3.49m垂直断裂带的NW向水平缩短,总滑移方向(106°)与断裂带整体走向(42°)呈64°夹角,整个龙门山推覆构造带处于斜向挤压的构造环境。结合震源过程反演成果的分析显示,斜滑的白水河-高川破裂段和逆冲型白鹿-汉旺破裂段可能是在汶川地震最大的一次子事件过程中以滑移分解的形式同时破裂形成的,滑移分解作用使两条断裂以斜滑与逆冲组合的力学性质产生破裂而非相同性质的斜滑破裂。小鱼洞破裂以低角度斜滑为主,可能是安县-灌县断裂与北川-映秀断裂以滑移分解形式同时破裂的纽带。小鱼洞断裂是龙门山断裂带长期处于斜向挤压的构造环境的产物,不只是逆冲断裂系中的简单捩断层。     

Emission of fine organic aerosol from traditional charcoal broiling in China

The indoor PM_2.5 aerosol samples for charcoal broiling source under Chinese traditional charbroiling and the ambient fine aerosols samples (PM_2.5) were collected in Beijing to investigate the characteristics of the charcoal broiling source and its impact on the fine organic aerosols in the atmosphere. The concentrations of 20 species of the trace organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fatty acids, levoglucosan, and cholesterol in PM_2.5 were identified and quantified by GC/MS. The total PAHs and fatty acids emitted from charcoal broiling to PM_2.5 were 8.97 and 87,000 ng mg⁻¹ respectively. The concentrations of the light molecular weight (LMW) 3- and 4-ring PAHs were much higher than those of the high molecular weight (HMW) 5- and 6-ring PAHs. Fatty acids were the most abundant species in source profile, accounting for over 90% of all identified organic compounds. More polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acids) than the saturated fatty acid (stearic acids) emitted in the cooking. Charcoal broiling is a minor source of PAHs compared to the source of biomass burning. Comparing the ratios of levoglucosan/fatty acid and levoglucosan/cholesterol in the charcoal broiling samples to the ambient samples, it is evident that meat cooking is an important source of fatty acids, but a less important source of cholesterol. Cooking, as one of the source of fine organic particles, plus other anthropogenic sources would be related to the formation of the severe haze occurred and spread over the urban atmosphere in most of the cities of China in the past several years.     

基于土地利用角度的镇域乡村性时空变化研究——以广州市番禺区和从化区为例

通过构建基于土地利用的镇域乡村性评价体系,对广州市番禺区和从化区26个镇域在2000年和2010年的乡村性变化特点进行探究。10 a间番禺区乡村性指数明显低于从化区,两区的乡村性指数均在下降,从化区下降幅度较番禺区大,镇域间的乡村性指数差异番禺区在逐渐缩小,而从化区则逐年加剧;2000年番禺区以较弱级别的乡村性为主,2010年则以弱等级为主,而从化区的乡村性等级下降明显,2000年仅有强和较强等级,2010年强等级消失,较弱等级出现;高程、二三产业比值、道路面积和城镇化水平等因素是影响乡村性指数变化的主要原因。结果表明基于土地利用角度开展镇域乡村性评价切实可行。     

吉林省耕地变化对粮食生产的影响

1IntroductionThe quantity and quality of cropland guarantees the grain production (Feng, 2000), and the essence of cropland security is food security. Cropland security means the stability of total quantity of cropland, which also means stable quality, potential productivity and regional balance (Feng, 2000). With the development of urbanization and industrialization, more and more cropland is encroached, especially the cropland with great market-value (Cai, 2000; Ge, 2002; Richard, 2002), w…     

Seismotectonics of the 26 November 2005 Jiujiang-Ruichang, Jiangxi, Ms?5.7 Earthquake

The 26 November 2005 Jiujiang-Ruichang, Jiangxi, Ms?5.7 earthquake occurred in a seismotectonic setting of moderate earthquake. The northwest-trending Xiangfan-Guangji fault (XFG) does not enter into the epicenter vicinity, but the northeast-trending Ruichang-Wuning fault (RWF) as a regional fault extends to the epicenter nearby, appearing as the Ruichang basin and its marginal faults. Tilting of the Ruichang Basin (RCB) in the Quaternary was controlled by the RCB southeast-marginal, buried fault (RSMBF). Shallow geophysical survey reveals that the RSMBF caused an offset of the reflection layers. Drill hole columnar section demonstrates that there are about 10–12?m displacement in the lower section of the middle-Pleistocene Series along the RSMBF, but no disruption is found in the upper section of the middle-Pleistocene Series. The RSMBF not only has activity in the Quaternary, but also coincides with the nodal plane I from the focal mechanism of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Ms?5.7 earthquake. This evidence, including aftershock distribution and isoseismic lines, strongly suggests that the RSMBF might be the seismogenic tectonics. The RWF is discontinuous at the surface, and consists of three en echelon Quaternary basins, which are the Ruichang, Fanzhen and Wuning basins. Three moderate earthquakes, the Fanzhen ML?4.9 earthquake, the Yejiapu ML?4.1 earthquake and the Jiujiang-Ruichang Ms?5.7 earthquake, have happened in the basins since 1995. The seismogenic tectonics of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Ms?5.7 earthquake is not isolated, but may be controlled by the RWF at depth, the slip of which causes the accumulation of energy for earthquake occurrence.