基于多项式拟合的十字丝亚像素边缘定位研究

对多项式最小二乘法拟合十字丝亚像素边缘位置的相关问题进行了研究,并提出了拟合点提取和筛选策略。实验结果表明,在该策略的支持下,三次多项式拟合误差更小。     

Downhole Microseismic Source Location Based on a Multi-Dimensional DIRECT Algorithm for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration

Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.     

Physical model test of transparent soil on coupling effect of cut-off wall and pumping wells during foundation pit dewatering

Water level is decreased during foundation pit excavation to avoid water inrush under confined water pressure. Cut-off wall is often used as waterproof curtain to partially cut off the dewatered aquifer. When a foundation pit is located in a built-up area and the underlying confined aquifer is not cut off, the drawdown must be minimized outside the pit to avoid land subsidence in buildings and pipelines. The coupling effect of the cut-off wall and pumping well is used to control the drawdown outside the foundation pit. However, the coupling mechanism is not intuitively well understood because of the limitations of existing experimental methods. In this study, transparent soil was introduced to model the coupling mechanism in the physical model test. High-purity fused silica and mixed paraffin oil were used as skeleton and fluid to simulate the confined aquifer and groundwater. Industrial solid dye and paraffin oil were used as tracers. A camera was used to collect flow information. Tests were performed for the combinations of cut-off wall and partially penetrating pumping wells. The insertion depth ratio of the cut-off wall most effectively influenced the drawdown. The layout of the pumping wells in horizontal direction influenced water level distribution and flow rate. The optimal depth of the pumping wells was 1–5 m above the bottom of the cut-off wall, and the optimal horizontal distance between the cut-off wall and the pumping wells was 25% of the pit width. Non-Darcy flow was observed within the range of 0–10 m around the bottom of the cut-off wall. These results were significant in understanding the cut-off wall and pumping well coupling effect on foundation pit dewatering.

     

阿尔金山索尔库里北盆地沉积与构造演化

索尔库里北盆地位于阿尔金山中段，盆地的形成和演化与阿尔金断裂的走滑作用密切相关。根据野外地质填图的结果，通过沉积相、沉积环境的研究，在盆地内部划分出早第四纪七个泉组砾岩层，并将盆地新生代的沉积划分为两大序列：下部为渐新世下干柴沟组、中新世上干柴沟组、油砂山组序列，沉积相从底部的冲积扇、洪积扇向上逐渐变化为断陷湖盆相，再变化为冲积扇、洪积扇相，为一个完整的断陷湖盆的发生—发展—消亡的序列；上部为早第四纪七个泉组序列，为冲积扇、洪积扇沉积。结合盆地沉积充填过程和构造变形分析，建立了盆地多阶段的构造演化模式，进而探讨了盆地的形成演化与新生代阿尔金断裂带走滑作用过程之间的动力学联系。     

似图形图像序列压缩编码方案的研究

针对远程炒股、远程教学和远程协同工作中的计算机屏幕共享问题，提出了一种对似图像序列进行无损压缩的编码方案。首先将似图形图像转化成索引图像，然后对索引图像序列进行帧间行程编码和自适应预测Huffman编码，最后再对码流进行LZ77编码。实验表明，该方案能够有效地压缩似图形图像序列，与一般的无损图像编码方案相比，明显地提高了图像的压缩效率，压缩比可达到80：1以上。     

关于抗震设计中地震动参数选取的探讨

如何合理合法地选取地震动参数是抗震设计的重要内容,地震动参数的取用应该按照法律规定的程序取用,并充分考虑行政与地震动区划之间的差别。本文主要以张家口地区为例探讨如何正确选用地震动参数。     

基于LIDAR数据的建筑物提取和三维重建的研究进展

本文阐述了基于LIDAR数据提取建筑物以及对其三维重建的一般过程,着重介绍LIDAR数据中建筑物信息提取的有关算法以及进行三维重建的可行性方法.     

张广才岭南部帽儿山岩体二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

张广才岭是松嫩地块与佳木斯地块之间的碰撞造山带,是东北"巨型花岗岩省"的重要组成部分。本文通过锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学分析,研究了张广才岭南部帽儿山二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征和构造背景。锆石U-Pb年代学结果显示：张广才岭南部细粒二长花岗岩成岩年龄为（176.4±1.1）Ma,中粒二长花岗岩成岩年龄为（178.9±1.3）、（177.7±1.1）Ma,粗粒二长花岗岩成岩年龄为（180.0±1.8）、（179.9±1.2）Ma,成岩时代均属于早侏罗世。岩石地球化学研究显示：细粒二长花岗岩、中粒二长花岗岩和粗粒二长花岗岩均具有富硅、贫铝、高碱、低钙,富集Zr、Hf、Rb、K,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti,燕式型稀土配分模式等特征,成岩类型属于造山后A2型花岗岩。结合年代学和地球化学特征,研究区早侏罗世二长花岗岩形成于碰撞后构造背景,代表佳木斯地块和松嫩地块碰撞—拼合过程中的一次伸展作用,表明早侏罗世区域构造环境逐渐由挤压造山向造山后伸展环境转变。     

大兴安岭中段有色金属矿床成矿物质来源探讨

大兴安岭中段是我国重要的铅锌银等有色金属成矿区,探讨其成矿物质来源对区内成矿预测及找矿工作具有重要意义。经广泛地质调查、典型矿床采样、岩矿鉴定、全岩地球化学分析,并在此基础上进行元素聚类分析,结果显示海西期成矿岩浆岩稀土总量偏低,负铕异常不明显,轻重稀土比值较大,与稀土总量呈正相关关系,与δEu值呈负相关关系,表明成岩物质以幔源为主。燕山期成矿岩浆岩则相反,显示壳源物质特征。铅锌银多金属矿以锌为主,铅锌矿石与幔源分异岩浆岩的稀土配分模式基本一致;聚类分析显示TFeO-Cu-Zn为独立群组,表明铁铜锌物质是从岩浆结晶晚期的岩浆中分异出来;TFeO-Cu-Zn独立群组显示区域内闪锌矿均为高温铁闪锌矿。研究认为,大兴安岭中段铅锌银矿成矿物质来自闪长岩,后期热液改造对铅银富集有一定作用,中基性岩浆岩形成铅锌银成矿系统,而酸性岩浆岩形成铜钼及铜锡成矿系统。     

高空间分辨率遥感影像下的违法用地变化检测

遥感影像时间、空间分辨率的逐渐提高和图像识别技术的发展,使基于高分辨率遥感影像进行自动、准确、快速的违法用地检测成为可能。本文利用高空间分辨率遥感影像,提出了一种基于地物分布特性的违法用地变化检测方法,将违法用地判别特征知识融入变化检测模型,实现违法用地变化信息自动提取。选取广州市从化街口地区为研究区域,试验结果表明该方法能够辅助应用人员在大范围内快速地定位疑似违章用地图斑,提高生产效率,取得较好的应用效果。