The Latest Research Progress on El Ninod

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The Latest Research Progress on El Nino

Cold water in the deep Pacific can be drawn up to the surface (or west warm water drifts eastwards) because strong tide increases the mixing of seawater both in vertical and horizontal. In this way greenhouse effect is decreased or in-creased by means of absorbing (or releasing) CO2. Therefore, La Nina cold event (or El Nino warm event) may occur, which is caused by wanning - up or cooling - down air above the ocean. Volcanic action at sea bottom is also controlled by strong tide.     

基于浅层地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面探测的苏北盆地倪湖庄-七里墩断裂研究

浅层地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面探测是隐伏断层定位与活动性鉴定的基本手段,需在实际工作中不断总结完善。通过采用浅层地震勘探技术,查明了淮安市区附近隐伏断裂的基本格局,并结合钻孔联合地质剖面探测与第四纪年代学测定,确定了新发现的倪湖庄-七里墩断裂的最新活动时代及活动特征。倪湖庄-七里墩断裂为近南北走向、倾向西的高角度正断层,断层倾角72°～82°,探测断裂长度为43 km。浅层地震勘探揭示其断面具有近直立或呈S形的上下反倾特点,指示具有走滑性质。该断裂错断了北东走向淮阴-响水断裂与北西走向无锡-宿迁断裂,最新活动时代为中更新世中晚期。本次探测工作对技术方法进行了探索,并提出以下建议:针对新发现的隐伏断裂,宜采用从已知点向外逐次探测的方式,即完成上一条测线的设计、施工与解译工作后,根据探测结果布设下一条测线;基于地震时间剖面进行钻探设计时,既要考虑断层两盘反射波组延伸与变形特征,又要考虑物探解译上断点与实际上断点的埋深差异;在河流下游开展钻孔联合地质剖面探测与地层对比时,需充分考虑局部地貌条件差异与第四纪海平面对陆域地表过程的影响。     

三峡库区万州至巫山段城镇地质灾害调查进展

三峡库区作为“全国地质灾害防治十三五规划”重点防治区之一,地质灾害问题突出,其中万州至巫山段更是区内地质灾害集中发育区,地质灾害点数量达5000余处。以“查背景、识灾害、评风险、研预测”为主线,通过2019年项目工作,在区域地质灾害孕灾背景条件认识和机理研究、城镇地质灾害风险评价等方面取得了新的认识一是从地质材料特性、赋存条件及影响因素方面总结了地质灾害的孕灾背景条件;二是从地质沉积历史、地貌演化及微地貌改造等方面认识了地质灾害的形成与演化机理;三是通过遥感技术与轻型无人机低空航摄精细化解译相结合的方法,初步实现了承灾体自动化提取;四是形成了基于斜坡单元地质灾害风险评价方法,完成了三峡库区大周镇地质灾害风险评价。其成果为支撑服务地方地质灾害防治和引领地质灾害风险评价起到了示范作用。     

The Influence of Extractable Organic Matter on Pore Development in the Late Triassic Chang 7 Lacustrine Shales, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

To investigate the influence of extractable organic matter (EOM) on pore evolution of lacustrine shales, Soxhlet extraction, using dichloromethane, was performed on a series of Chang 7 shale samples (Ordos Basin, China) with vitrinite reflectance of 0.64% to 1.34%. Low‐pressure gas adsorption experiments were conducted on the samples before and after extraction. The pore structure parameters were calculated from the gas adsorption data. The results show complex changes to the pore volumes and surface areas after extraction. The pore development of both the initial and extracted samples is strongly controlled by total organic carbon (TOC) content. Micropores developed mainly in organic matter (OM), while mesopores and macropores predominantly developed in fractions other than OM. The influence of EOM on micropores is stronger than on mesopores and macropores. Organic solvents with a higher boiling point should be used to explore the effect of EOM on pore structure in the future.     

浙北地区晚中生代侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素地球化学:成因演化过程及其构造环境示踪

浙北地区位于扬子陆块东南缘,中生代岩浆侵入活动强烈,发育有何村石英二长岩、康山、沈家墈、泗岭花岗岩和凤凰山正长花岗岩等岩体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,何村石英二长岩侵位时间为149.2±1.1 Ma,康山花岗岩形成于137.4±1.2 Ma,沈家墈、泗岭花岗岩和凤凰山正长花岗岩的成岩年龄在133.6±0.95 Ma~131.3±1.7 Ma之间。地球化学分析结果显示,何村石英二长岩为高钾钙碱性系列准过铝质I型花岗岩,高Rb、Th、U、K,贫Nb、Ta、Ti,中等的Eu负异常(δEu=0.78~0.79),具有类似岛弧岩浆岩的特征,锆石饱和温度为826~830℃。康山、沈家墈、泗岭花岗岩及凤凰山正长花岗岩地球化学特征相似,岩石富Si O2,高Ga、Zr、Nb和Y,贫Al2O3、Sr、Ba、Ti和P,强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.02~0.12);区别在于前者Fe2O3T含量为0.63%~0.89%,母岩浆温度为788~814℃,显示高分异I型特征;后三者Fe2O3T含量为1.02%~1.57%,母岩浆温度为847~868℃,属铝质A型花岗岩。锆石Hf同位素研究表明,何村石英二长岩和康山花岗岩εHf(t)变化范围分别集中在-3.79~-1.67和-6.59~-5.23之间,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)变化范围对应于1162~1279 Ma和1350~1423 Ma,说明其源区物质可能主要来自中元古代地壳;沈家墈、泗岭花岗岩和凤凰山正长花岗岩εHf(t)主要集中在-4.24~2.48之间,tDM2主要集中于915~1161 Ma之间,说明岩体的源区物质来自于中-新元古代江南火山岛弧,εHf(t)值逐渐增大,表明越来越多的幔源物质或新生地壳参与成岩。浙北地区三类岩体分别形成于晚侏罗世古太平洋板块俯冲的挤压、早白垩世板块撤离挤压向伸展背景的转换和后造山拉张背景下岩石圈减薄等3个阶段。     

苏干湖地区与柴北缘侏罗系原始沉积关系探讨

苏干湖地区位于柴达木盆地西北端,二者之间以大、小赛什腾山相隔。钻井及露头资料证实,苏干湖地区和柴北缘新生界之下均有较大范围的侏罗系分布,但围绕两地侏罗系之间的沉积关系探讨较少。本文通过地层与沉积学对比、后期改造分析、物源分析等综合研究认为,苏干湖—柴北缘地区侏罗系经历了白垩纪晚期、新生代末等多期改造作用,现今残留地层分布为后期改造的结果。早侏罗世沉积较局限,柴北缘与苏干湖地区应为相互分隔的沉积区,且以断陷沉积为主。中侏罗世时期,苏干湖地区与柴北缘呈连通状态,赛什腾山地区主体接受沉积,研究区为一个较现今侏罗系残留范围更为广阔的坳陷型沉积盆地。研究结果对于加深理解青藏高原北缘中—新生代构造演化和该地区油气资源评价、勘探部署具较为重要的意义。     

Impacts of climate change on flow regime and sequential threats to riverine ecosystem in the source region of the Yellow River

Climate change is expected to have substantial impacts on flow regime in the Upper Yellow River (UYR) basin that is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. These impacts will most possibly exert negative effects on the habitat availability for riverine species. Thus, it is necessary to understand the alteration of river flow regime under climate scenarios. In this paper, we use the modified hydrological model HBV in conjunction with three general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) to address changes in flow regime under climate change for the UYR basin in the mid-term (2050s) and end-term (2080s) of the twenty-first century. Flow regime is quantified using the Indicators of hydrological alteration approach. Thereafter, the potential threats to riverine ecosystem in the UYR basin are identified based on the projected alterations of various flow characteristics and their ecological influences. The results showed that the magnitude of monthly flow would increase during the dry period. The date of the annual 1-day minimum streamflow will likely shift toward earlier time under different scenarios, and significant increases in magnitude of annual minimum flow of different durations were detected under both RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios in the 2080s. In addition, assessments of the modification degree of the overall flow regime revealed that climate change would remarkably modify (medium level) the overall flow regime in the UYR basin, particularly by the end of the twenty-first century or under the high emission scenarios. Besides, destruction of habitat and reduced availability of food induced by substantially increased hydrological instability in the 2080s would make two endangered fishes more vulnerable in the UYR basin. These findings provide insights into potential adaptive countermeasures for water resource management and environmental system restoration in the Upper Yellow River.     

阜阳地区地热水化学特征及同位素分析

为研究阜阳地区地热形成机制的控制作用,在分析研究区地热地质条件的基础上,利用已有的勘探井水质资料,对研究区地热水的化学特征进行了分析,得出地热流体在垂向、横向上的分布特征,揭示了太古宇五河群风化壳可以构成热储,其较低的总溶解固体(total dissoloved solids,TDS)不同于区域常见的新近系馆陶组、古近系界首组热储。同时,利用大气降水和地热水的稳定同位素资料,研究得出区内地热水的来源主要为大气降水,大气降水经侧向径流补给和蒸发/浓缩作用形成了高TDS地热流体; 利用地热水放射性同位素资料估算了研究区地热水年龄。通过地热水化学、同位素及控热构造等研究,建立了研究区地热资源形成的概念模型,为该地区地热开发利用提供了指导。     

Thermodynamics Phase Equilibria for the Salt- Water System of Potassium and Rubidium Ions

正1 Introduction Brines,containing a variety of useful components,such as alkali metal(IA),alkaline earth metal(type IIA),halogen elements(such as VIIA),are naturally occurring complex electrolyte solution.Although rubidium is not the main component of the brine,while in the brine exploiting process,rubidium ion is continuously enriched in the