Drought projection based on a hybrid drought index using Artificial Neural Networks

The Tarim River Basin is a special endorheic arid drainage basin in Central Asia, characterized by limited rainfall and high evaporation as common in deserts, while water is supplied mainly by glacier and snow melt from the surrounding mountains. The existing drought indices can hardly capture the drought features in this region as droughts are caused by two dominant factors (meteorological and hydrological conditions). To overcome the problem, a new hybrid drought index (HDI), integrating the meteorological and hydrological drought regimes, was developed and tested in the basin in the work. The index succeeded in revealing the drought characteristics and the ensemble influence better than the single standardized precipitation index or the hydrological index. The Artificial Neural Network approach based on temperature and precipitation observations was set up to simulate the HDI change. The method enabled constructing scenarios of future droughts in the region using climate simulation of the GCMs under four RCP scenarios from the latest CMIP5 project. The simulations in the study have shown that the water budget patterns in the Tarim River Basin are more sensitive to temperature than to precipitation. Dominated by temperature rise causing an accelerating snow/glacier melt, the frequency of drought months is projected to decrease by about 14% in the next decades (until 2035). The drought duration is expected to be shortened to 3 months on average, with the severity alleviated. However, the region would still suffer more severe droughts with a high intensity in some years. The general decrease in drought frequency and intensity over the region in the future would be beneficial for water resources management and agriculture development in the oases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维可视化环境应急及监管平台建设技术研究

针对传统环保信息化管理系统二维地图的不直观、无法与真实环境联动等问题,该文以倾斜摄影实景三维模型为基础,在三维可视化平台上,利用物联网技术对乌海市海南工业园区进行三维可视化环境应急及监管平台构建,实现对企业生产和排污情况的实时监控和周期性分析,动态实时展示应急预案,为构建政府为主导、企业为主体、社会组织和公众共同参与的环境治理体系提供坚实的技术和数据保障.     

北京市生态保护红线校核及优化调整

生态保护红线是一种新型区域生态管控制度体系,是党中央、国务院在新时代做出的一项重大决策.针对生态保护红线存在边界不规则、生产建设用地扣除偏差、精度和现势性不足等问题,基于遥感影像和GIS技术,提出了生态保护红线校核技术路线,制定了5个一级类、24个二级类的生态保护红线优化调整指标体系;提出了多源数据融合、三条控制线协调、红线边界优化、勘界定标、数据建库等数据管理和更新技术流程,并阐明生态保护红线在城市规划建设和生态环境保护中的应用.可为其他城市生态保护红线的校核、优化和调整提供参考.     

A Possible Dynamic Mechanism for Rapid Production of the Extreme Hourly Rainfall in Zhengzhou City on 20 July 2021

In this study, the unprecedented extreme rainfall event during 19–20 July 2021, which caused devastating flooding in Zhengzhou City and its nearby areas, is exa...     

Neglectella glomerata sp. nov., a new species and implications for the systematics of the genus Neglectella (Oocystaceae,Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The genus Neglectella Vodenicarov & Benderliev has a morphology similar to the well-known genus Oocystis, except for the numerous chloroplasts stacked...     

单多普勒雷达径向风同化的改进

基于现有的单多普勒雷达径向速度资料直接同化和间接同化方法,提出了一种改进同化方法,通过引入反演方程组作为观测算子,将分析单元内径向风的空间变化信息作为同化变量。同时,根据模式的分辨率和精度要求调整分析单元大小,从而能够有效地弥补数据稀释化所带来的高分辨率数据遗失问题。相对于直接同化只同化雷达观测径向风,改进方法不仅包含径向风信息,而且包含径向风的空间变化信息;相对于传统的间接同化,改进方法不直接使用强约束求解析风场,避免了将反演风场完全等同于"观测风场",能够较大程度地克服反演误差对同化效果的影响。通过理想实验和观测系统模拟试验表明:改进方法对于传统的直接同化和间接同化具有一定的兼容性,应用灵活,具有积极的改进意义。     

基于GIS的兰州百合适生种植气候区划

基于兰州市以及附近四周其他地区气象站30 a(1981~2010年)的气候资料和154个站点的降水资料,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对区域内降水、气温等进行了数据细网格化分析。结合百合田间观测气象和产量资料,采用逐步回归、宏观地理因子模拟与小地形订正等方法,建立了兰州市百合种植区划指标空间分析模型,区划结论与实际种植基本相符,GIS技术制作的区划图结合水平和垂直种植区划辅助参照表,直观详细地展现了百合适生种植区的地理分布及特征,从而减少了种植的盲目性。     

土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系研究

当前,国土资源管理正在从数量管控向质量管理和生态管护方向发展.为了配合国土资源部野外科学观测研究基地建设、获取关键科学现象和科学数据,提出建立土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系.土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系可分为9部分监测内容,即土地利用变化、土壤属性、作物长势、土壤污染和盐溃化、土地利用集约度、农用地流转、土地生态状况、基于地块的土地质量调查和土地退化监测,合计35个指标.指标体系结构包括监测内容、监测指标、数据来源与监测方法、监测尺度（区域、地块和样点）和监测周期.该指标体系能够配合国土资源部开展野外科研基地建设,满足基地开展长期综合监测和数据管理的需要.下一步需要从体现区域差异性和行业特色的角度进一步完善指标,并发展土地资源数量质量生态综合评价技术方法.     

Environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions in Jiaozhou Bay, China: modeling and assessing

In recent years, with the development of society and economy of Qingdao, environment and ecosystem problems, for instance, red ties, become more and more serious in Jiaozhou Bay, China, because of the increasing pollutants discharged into it. In order to solve these problems, an eco-hydrodynamic model is constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, whose simulation results are rational for the bay. According to the model, if the target is set to achieve water quality (grade II) in Jiaozhou Bay, the environmental capacity of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in one year are approximately 7800 and 840 tons, respectively. Thus our research offers necessary scientific foundation to the total loads control efforts in this area.     

超大断面铁路隧道施工断面综合荷载释放过程研究

隧道开挖扰动会使影响范围内的围岩发生松弛,同时还产生一定的荷载作用于隧道结构。而在隧道开挖面推进时,作用于隧道结构上的荷载在应力调整过程中不断释放,最终在隧道结构及围岩达到稳定状态后荷载释放过程同时结束。通过数值分析及模型试验,对超大断面铁路隧道施时的隧道断面整体荷载释放过程进行了相关研究。研究了台阶法开挖过程中隧道洞壁不同特征点的荷载变化规律,并定义了能够表征隧道施工过程断面整体荷载释放状态的断面综合荷载释放率和荷载释放差异系数的概念,通过两者对隧道开挖断面整体荷载释放状态进行分析总结。在随后进行的隧道施工过程地质力学模型试验中,通过对开挖面推进洞壁不同位置围岩径向压力的变化规律进行监测,证明了数值模拟得到的结论,并进一步说明在隧道开挖的荷载释放过程研究中,应将整个断面作为研究对象,分析断面整体荷载释放状态,才能对隧道施工中的荷载释放过程有一个更加全面的认识。