基于便携式X射线荧光光谱法的深海沉积物现场成分快速检测及适用性评估

远洋粘土、硅藻软泥、铁锰结核及结壳是常见的深海沉积成因物质类型,在开展深海地质调查工作时及时获得这些物质的成分信息,对于提升海上地质调查效率和认知能力十分重要。通过便携式X射线荧光光谱法（pXRF）对菲律宾海深水区域60个样品进行分析,并结合实验室测试结果,评估pXRF能测出的24种元素含量数据的稳定性、准确性及相关性,探讨pXRF在海上地质调查工作中对于深海沉积物现场成分快速检测的适用性。通过综合对比研究发现,Ca、Cu、Fe、K、P、Pb、Sr、Zn、Zr九种元素稳定性、准确性和相关性较好,可以直接用于定性乃至定量研究工作。Al、Ba、Mn、Mo、Ni、Rb、Si、Ti、Th、V十种元素的三项指标参数等级略低,可用于含量高低判定和趋势分析等定性研究工作。Bi、Cs、Mg、Sb、Sc五种元素的测试效果较差,本法不建议使用。取样量充足且分布均匀、湿样烘干至恒量后研磨过筛、封装时充分压实平整、测试时间增长、选择合适的标准物质校正和检验、重点和异常样品增加测试次数等措施的执行有利于获得高精度的pXRF海上测试数据。未来对更多类型和数量深海样品开展pXRF现场分析,将有利于建立更精准的测试方法流程,达到现场快速揭示样品成分特征、确定底质类型及圈定矿化异常等目的,为海上关键决策的部署和实施提供参考和借鉴。     

季节冻土对土钉支护的影响

川藏交通廊道规划路线沿线滑坡锚固工程在全生命周期内将不可避免受到季节性冻土冻胀融缩的不利影响。为减缓此不利影响,本文提出基于多个挤压摩擦型屈服套的屈服装置、消能蓄能型碟簧系统,形成可双向调节预应力的锚索新结构。并对该锚索进行室内张拉试验、极限承载力试验及工作机理研究,成功研制吨位500 kN级、行程100 mm的双向调节预应力锚索。室内试验证实,单个挤压摩擦型屈服套起始屈服力为120~135 kN,平稳行程可达255 mm;屈服装置由4个挤压摩擦型屈服套及P锚组成,起始屈服力为420~450 kN,行程可达到100 mm以上;碟簧系统可实现耗能(冻胀时可抵消约60%的预应力增长)与蓄能(融缩时可抵消约40%的预应力损失)的目的。屈服行程完结后,双向调节预应力锚索极限承载力为1050kN,与传统锚索极限承载力相当。该新型锚索起始屈服力及行程具有较好的可拓展性,性能参数优于市场同类产品,可用于冻融环境及地震、大变形情形下的滑坡边坡加固,为川藏交通廊道沿线季节性冻土区滑坡、边坡防护提供了一种新的解决方案。     

Impacts of primary deforestation upon limestone slopes in northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Effects of deforestation upon slopes in limestones and in volcanic rocks in the Benson River valley, northern Vancouver Island, have been investigated quantitatively. Postlogging soil erosion and vegetal regeneration success were assessed by measuring soil depth, percent bare rock and moss cover, and the numbers and diversity of trees, shrubs, and plants on 25 sampling sites, each containing ten measuring quadrats selected at random. Sixteen sites were on the Quatsino Formation, a well-karstified limestone, and nine on the Karmutsen Formation of basaltic lavas. Eight sites were of virgin forest, 16 were logged between 1970 and 1983, and one (on limestone) was logged in 1911. Both bedrock types were significantly affected by the cutting. There was greater loss of soil and an increase in bare rock on the limestones. Erosion was increased significantly by burning on the limestones but not on the volcanics. Within-group comparisons on the limestones determined that steeper slopes and harder burned areas suffered the most and are slowest to regenerate. Volume of timber on the 1911 site was 19 percent of that in similar uncut forest sites. It appears that complete recovery on the barren limestone slopes will require at least some centuries.     

Lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China jointly inverted from multiple geophysical observations

The detailed lithospheric structure of South China is the basis for the understanding of tectonic processes of eastern China.Specifically,two essential issues in the study of lithospheric structure are the thermal and compositional structures,which are usually derived from either geophysical or geochemical observations.However,inversions from single geophysical or geochemical datasets have certain limitations,making it necessary to develop joint inversions of geophysical,geochemical and petrological datasets.In this paper,through thermodynamic simulation and probabilistic inversion,we inverted multiple datasets including topography,geoid height,surface heat flow and surface wave dispersion curves for the 3D lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China.The results reveal a thin(<100 km)and flat LAB beneath the South China Fold System Block and the lower Yangtze Craton.Also,we found that the lithospheric mantle is primarily composed of saturated peridotite,indicating that the ancient refractory lithospheric mantle has been replaced by new materials.The dominant dynamic mechanism for lithospheric thinning in eastern South China may be the flat subduction of ancient Pacific slab,while thermal erosion may have also played a significant role.In contrast,the LAB depth beneath the Sichuan Basin is much thicker(>200 km),suggesting that the thick and cold craton lithospheric roots are retained.There may exist a discontinuous interface beneath the Sichuan Basin,with the saturated lower layer thicker than the refractory upper layer.As a result,the lithospheric mantle of the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions is mainly composed of saturated and transitional peridotite.     

复合linex对称损失下Lomax分布参数的Bayes估计

研究了在复合linex对称损失下,两参数Lomax分布当刻度参数已知时,其形状参数的Bayes估计及其容许性,并给出了其多层Bayes估计的一般形式。     

频率域全波形反演方法研究进展

全波形反演是一种利用地震波传播的动力学特征来获取地下介质物性参数的反演方法,可为揭示地下精细结构提供重要依据。本文以弹性波方程作为数学模型来模拟地震波传播规律并进行相应的反演方法研究。为提高计算效率与反演结果的准确性,可将近似解析离散化（NAD）算子用于频率域弹性波方程的正演模拟。本文在频率域NAD离散的基础上推导阻抗矩阵的稀疏分块结构与反演目标函数对模型参数的梯度计算公式,由此建立基于NAD算子的频率域弹性波全波形反演方法。为验证该方法的有效性,文中通过数值实验对多种典型介质模型进行反演计算,均得到了理想的反演结果。

     

南方公益性页岩气调查研究进展

2019—2021年期间,由中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心牵头组织实施的“南方页岩气地质调查工程”,以实现“新区、新层系、新类型、新认识”四新领域油气调查战略发现和突破,推动创建页岩气勘查开发新格局为目标,按照总体部署、分步实施、点上突破、面上评价原则,重点开展了南方复杂构造区页岩气地质调查与评价工作。圈定并优选了一批页岩气远景区和有利区,部署实施了二维地震、参数井和压裂试气工程,实现了长江上游新区新层系页岩气重大突破和发现,完成垭紫罗裂陷槽、皖江、川西南等重点地区页岩气资源潜力评价。这些成果大大提振了南方复杂构造区页岩气油气资源勘查的信心,推动了油气地质调查与科技创新的深度融合,形成了页岩气成藏理论新认识和调查评价新技术,发挥了公益性油气资源调查的引领和带动作用。     

地层证据--对大别造山带汇聚历史的制约

大别造山带的汇聚演化历史一直存在不同的认识,来自扬子陆块和华北陆块显生宙以来的地层记录以及北淮阳地区的地层记录可能为两个陆块的汇聚模式提供制约。通过对扬子陆块与华北陆块显生宙以来岩相古地理进行比较,其中3个阶段相似, 2个阶段差别很大。以浊积岩发育作为俯冲阶段的标志,磨拉石建造出现作为闭合的标志,显生宙以来,大别造山带曾经历了两次俯冲和两次汇聚,俯冲时间分别是晚奥陶世—早志留世和早三叠世,汇聚的时间分别为中 晚泥盆世和中三叠世,早期的汇聚具有软碰撞特征,以上认知得到了北淮阳地区地层、古生物和沉积记录的支持,同时也与大别山造山带榴辉岩的同位素年龄数据基本吻合。高压 超高压变质岩在晚三叠世处于快速折返阶段,早侏罗世以前到达地表,其平均折返隆升速率为39～66mm/a。