青海湖地区冰消期以来气候变化的黄土记录

青海湖周围堆积着很多黄土和风沙沉积,这些风成沉积序列是过去气候变化的良好记录.相对于湖泊沉积,这些沉积物受到的研究较为薄弱.对青海湖南岸的黄土堆积进行了光释光年代学、磁化率、Fe/Mg值、粒度和有机质含量等气候替代性指标测量.在具有绝对年代标尺控制的基础上,结合气候替代性指标变化特征的分析,表明冰消期以来青海湖地区的古气候经历了多次的冷暖和干湿变化过程:14～9 ka间气候前期相对冷干,后期转为凉干,其中可能在11 ka左右存在一次暖湿事件;9～2.5 ka间气候呈暖湿状态;2.5 ka以后的地层扰动较大.黄土和湖泊沉积记录的环境变化过程具有可比性.     

滇东南法郎组含锰地层沉积相分析

滇东南中三叠统法郎组是重要的含锰地层,前人对其沉积环境的认识却存在着深水浊流沉积和浅水潮坪沉积的争议。本文通过对建水-开远地区典型剖面的研究,认为法郎组为浊积扇沉积。法郎组底部为碳酸盐滑塌沉积、碎眉流沉积与泥岩粉砂岩互层,中上部逐渐由外扇渐变为中扇辫状水道和辫状水道间沉积,顶部为内扇补给水道和溢岸沉积。相对海水深度总体表现为在拉丁早期逐渐加深,到拉丁中晚期有逐渐变浅。锰矿层主要发育在底部的碎屑流沉积中,其彤成可能与拉丁早期相对水深的增高有关。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起石炭系火山岩储层特征及主控因素

利用岩心观测、岩石薄片、物性分析等资料,综合分析火山岩储集层岩石学特征及储集性能.通过研究储层物性与储层岩性、类型的关系,总结出火山岩储层主要控制因素.结合钻井、测井、测试等资料,进行火山岩储集层的综合评价.根据凸起火山岩储集层平面展布特征,为本区该类储层勘探指明了方向.     

论VAM的适宜时间

垂直角观测(vAM)的质量与作业时间有关.通过对大气折光角及其起伏的日变化规律的分析,提出了一种根据动态照准误差确定vAM的有利与不利时间的方法.与传统的观点相比较,采用该法确定的适宜时间将具有更高的参考价值.     

基于RBF神经网络的土壤铬含量空间预测

以广东省增城市为实验基地,采用随机采样的方法采集土壤铬含量样点,并将其分为训练数据集和检验数据集。设计4种样点布局方案,对前三组数据用RBF神经网络方法进行土壤铬含量插值,分析预测误差。研究发现,当样点较少时,RBF神经网络方法的插值结果较精确。而当样点数据为50时,误差较大,不能满足插值要求。通过插值结果的对比发现,较传统的统计学插值方法,RBF神经网络方法克服了平滑效应,特别是在数据较少的情况下,进行空间预测效果较好,是一种适用范围更广的插值方法。     

基于GM(1,1)的植物群落抗踩踏能力分析——以香格里拉高寒草甸为例

通过踩踏实验研究香格里拉高寒草甸植被对于踩踏干扰的耐受能力。以盖度为主要指标,先运用方差分析界定导致草甸植被相对盖度发生显著变化的踩踏强度范围,再结合GM(1,1)模型分析确定植物群落盖度不发生显著改变时能承受的最大踩踏强度。结果表明:(1)草甸植被相对盖度随踩踏强度增加而降低,且相对盖度减少程度和踩踏强度之间呈正相关但非线性的关系;(2)研究区草甸植被在踩踏强度介于200～500次和500～700次,相对盖度有两次显著的改变,(3)结合GM(1,1)模型的分析表明:生长季将踩踏强度控制在220人次/m2以内,可保持景区草甸植被景观无显著变化,即植被盖度仍达到未受干扰状况下的80%。     

The bedform morphology of Chinese sturgeon spawning sites in the Yangtze River

Quantitative measures of the relationships between channel morphology and the habitat use of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) can help management and regulatory agencies to quantify potential spawning habitats and develop recovery goals in view of the decreasing area of sturgeon spawning habitat.This study determined the specific bedform types at the pool-riffle scale and evaluated the slopes,aspects and bed load gradation composition of Chinese sturgeon spawning areas in the Yangtze River,China.A bedform differencing technique was used to objectively quantify the longitudinal riverbed profile into four distinct pool-riffle units that were independent of discharge.The vertical location of thalweg points within these units was quantified with a riffle proximity index.Chinese sturgeon spawning areas were mapped and correlated with the pool-riffle units,slopes and aspects.The results indicate that Chinese sturgeon spawning areas occur primarily in riffles.The majority of Chinese sturgeon spawning occurred at elevations greater than 75%of the difference in elevation between the nearest riffle crest and the pool bottom.The slope of spawning sites was distributed between 0.05 and 6.36,and the average aspects were 219.92 and 207.63,respectively.The bed load is mainly composted of gravel and pebble,sediment diameter concentrated on 50-500mm.These analyses of bedform morphology will assist regional fish managers in quantifying existing and potential Chinese sturgeon spawning habitats and will provide a quantitative framework for evaluating general ecological implications of channel morphology in the Yangtze River.     

龙门山断裂带南段应力状态与强震危险性研究

龙门山断裂带可分为南段、中段和北段,2008年汶川M8.0级地震发生在该断裂带中-北段. 龙门山断裂带南段是否存在发生强震的危险性倍受关注. 利用1977-2012年四川区域地震台网资料,获得了龙门山断裂带南段的地震活动性参数b值图像以及汶川地震前、后b值的差值Δb图像. 同时,根据宽频带数字地震波形资料,计算了2007年以来南段及附近区域M_L≥3.8级地震的视应力. 结果表明,2008年汶川地震后,龙门山断裂带南段天全-芦山、泸定和宝兴北部等区域应力增强,而靠近汶川余震区南端的大邑地区应力水平降低. 天全至宝兴段应力水平相对较高,具有发生中-强地震的条件. 鲜水河断裂带康定以南段应力水平低,短期内发生强震的可能性较小.     

An improved direction relation detection model for spatial objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.     

基于ArcGIS、MATLAB及Surfer的DGPS冰碛垄测量模拟对比

应用ArcGIS软件中的Topo to Raster工具、MATLAB软件中的人工神经网络及Surfer软件中自然邻点法,本文对使用差分GPS测量的青藏高原不同地区的冰碛垄数据进行了数字地貌模拟,从模拟精度、准确度、地貌晕渲、易操作性及后期定量分析等方面进行了分析对比。结果表明ArcGIS中的Topo to Raster工具较其他两种方法有较好的模拟精度;综合考虑各方面因素,ArcGIS软件在冰碛垄地貌的定量研究中具有优势。